영적모독영적살인에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권 지구인들 세계에서 시작되어 온 은하계를 거쳐서 결국 안드로메다은하계까지 간 플레이아데스 프로젝트, 이건희프로젝트는 심각한 재앙의 전조이다 지구인세계에서 회자되는 지배계층의 잘못된 믿음들로 인해서, 가장 중요한 하이어라키 위계질서가 붕괴되고 영적인 가치들이 훼손파괴되고 있다. 이건희가 하자는 대로 하면, 힘들여 고생하지 않고도 천국에 갈수 있고 등급을 올릴수 있다는 그릇된 믿음이며, 이재용이 같은 놈을 키워주면 섹스쾌락열락을 얻고 부귀호사하고 부귀공명하고 굳이 힘들게 노력하지 않아도 잘먹고 잘살수 있고 등급도 올린다는 이상한 믿음들이다 이건희놈은 딱 하나인데, 박종권이놈 한놈만 잡으면 우리 모두가 고생하지 않고 높은 천국가서 살고, 영구적인 복락을 얻을것이라는 그릇된 믿음과 확신을 지구인세계 전체에 확산시키는 것이다 이재용이도 마찬가지다. 이재용이 놈은, 귀족신분차별주의로서의 선택된 극소수의 귀족적 기품이나 품위 혹은 사람들이 좋아할수 있는 귀족적부유함과 풍요함 그리고 무엇이든 원하면 가질수 있고 할수 있는 그 방만함과 여유로움에서 오는 애호포인트를 강조하고, 그러한 기반에서 섹스음락쾌락을 최대한 증폭시켜 사람들이면 누구나 좋아할만한 것들만 강조하여 인기를 받고 애호를 받는 술수로서, 자기들이 하자는대로 하면 우리 선택된 귀족계층들은 박종권이 같은 어리숙한 얼간이놈이 만들거나 가지고 있는 것들로서, 얼마든지 향락하고 즐기고 놀고 편하게 영구복락하는 가운데, 높은 천국으로 가고 등급도 올린다는 현실적주장들이다. 그로서 이 두 놈이 박종권이만 악랄하고 잔인하고 치밀하고 집요한 술수로서 죽이며, 빼앗은 고위등급의 체들과 품위 품격들을 사람들과 여신들에게 공유하게 하고 그로서 이재용이 놈이 하자는대로 보지구멍벌리고 섹스해주고 쾌락하면 등급높은 체를 얻고 품위 품격을 얻고 높은 세계로 가서 한자리 해 먹을수 있다는 그릇된 믿음과 신조를 확산시킨다. 그러나 우리가 목격관찰한 바로는, 우리가 사는 세계를 망가뜨리고, 우리가 사는 세계를 파멸시킨 놈들은 바로 이건희, 이재용이 놈이다. 라마제국이 파멸한 이유는 이재용이 놈 때문이다. 뮤제국이 파멸한 이유도 이재용이 놈 때문이다. 라마제국은, 칼리가 과거원업문제로 인해서 지구세계까지 하강하여 내려오는 와중에 시도했던 제국이다. 이 제국은, 박종권이의 협조로 인해서 강대해진다. 당시의 박종권이는, 지구인최초이자 마지막으로서 플레이아데스인으로서 인정되는데, 이는 상상천플레이아데스 즉 플레이아데스가 갈수 있는 최상위 최고의 마지막 단계의 플레이아데스에서 인증한 것이다. 사람들이 잘못 아는 것은, 나를 플레이아데스인으로 인증한 곳이 아플레이아데스로 안다는 점인데, 실제는 그게 아니다. 플레이아데스가 갈수 있는 최고의 단계로서 상천에서도 상상천에 속하는 최상위 플레이아데스에서 나를 인증했다. 현재의 아플레이아데스 수준을 감안해보면, 어림도 없는 일로서, 이 사람들의 현재성향과 기질들을 보건대 절대로 나같은 놈을 플레이아데스인으로 인증하지 않는다. 이 점을 감안해 두라 박종권이가 아닌 이재용이 놈이 아를 바꿔치기 하고, 이중영체등을 이용하고 박종권이의 아와 의식을 살인하여 죽인후, 박종권이처럼 위장해서 나타날 경우 무조건 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜서 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지금도 이재용이 놈이 이 글을 적고 있는 박종권로 위장해서 나타나서 칼리 옆에 서서 칼리 보지를 쑤셔대고 있는데, 이 씹새끼때문에 결국 라마제국이 파멸했다는 점을 기억해둬라. 빨리 더러운 자지 빼고 떨어져라. 이후 박종권이가 제2차은하대전에 참전하고, 200만년간 싸우는데, 와중에 알게 된 제2차은하대전종족으로서 가오리종족이 있었다. 이 가오리종족을 통해서 우리는 라마제국에 많은 첨단무기들과 병법, 술수 및 기타 문명들의 도구수단들을 제공지원했다. 그런 결과로서 라마제국이 흥성하고 발전하였고 그 세력이 커지는데, 와중에 칼리가 나를 배반하고 이재용이 놈을 키워주고 받아들이면 더 많은 이익이 오는데, 그 이익이란 자기가 뮤제국수준 말하자면 플레이아데스등급의 아틀란티스급, 뮤제국으로 승격해서 뮤제국의 여신급이 될 것이라는 허망한 믿음들이다. 그리고는 이 여자가 이재용이 같이 비천하고 더러운 놈과 섹스해서 애까지 낳아주는데, 박종권이가 이를 뒤늦게 발견하고 크게 분노한다. 이재용이 요 새끼는 지금 박종권이가 지나간 인생살이에서 무엇을 했는지를 전부 처음부터 끝까지 다 알고 세밀하게 분석해가면서 박종권이를 죽이고 제 놈이 박종권이라고 주장하는 놈이다. 이 새끼가 내가 읽은 책이나 신념 믿음 신조 혹은 내가 중요시하는 것들에 대해서 아주 잘안다. 그래서 내가 중요시했던 인도사상들중 라마크리슈나와 연계된 칼리여신을 먼저 공격하고, 내가 믿는 신조나 믿음을 짓뭉개는 의도로서 칼리와 섹스한 것이며 그로서 영적살인 영적모독 및 나의 모든 체계를 붕괴시키고 파멸시키려고 의도한 것이 바로 이 사건이다. 내가 믿고 따르고 좋게 보는 신앙적 믿음체계에 대한 악랄하고 모독적인 파괴와 파멸의도로서 이재용이 놈이 현재 진행하는 나의 영적살인계획의 일부가 바로 이 사건이다 영혼 자체를 죽이겠다고 이를 갈아붙이고 덤벼들고 있다. 이런 경우 사람은 영혼파괴 영혼모독 영혼상처를 받고 심각한 타격과 고통을 받는다. 나의 절천지 원수놈들과 내가 가장 좋아했고 믿었던 여신들이 섹스를 하고 보지구멍을 벌려대고 신음을 하고 애를 낳는 광경은 나의 모든 세계와 체계를 완전히 파멸시키는 악랄하기 이를데 없는 영적모독이며 영혼살인의 범죄로서 결단코 용서받지 못할 것이다. 이재용이 놈이 그런 놈이다. 요 씨발놈 칼리가 어떤 생각으로 그렇게 했는지 모르지만, 결과는 라마제국의 파멸로 이어진다. 왜 그럴까 라마제국을 흥성하게 해 준 사람은 박종권이었지 이재용이가 아니었는데 이 여자가 이상하게 생각하고 이재용이 같은 더럽고 비천한 놈을 남편으로 모시고 제 년을 발전번영하도록 배후에서 협조하고 지원해준 박종권이에게는 애취급을 하고 반말을 지껄여대고, 분명히 내가 플레이아데스인의 지위를 가지고 있는 플레이아데스인임에도 그와 같이 행한 것은, 은하대전으로부터 그 어떤 지원이나 도움도 더 받을수 없게 그 스스로가 자초한 일이다. 결국 제2차은하대전급 혹은 어떤 상천급 다른 고위세계로부터의 첨단기술 무기 병법등 여러가지의 지원과 도움들이 철회되고 라마제국이 붕괴되는 이유가 된다. 이어서 뮤제국이 파멸한다. 뮤제국 역시도 박종권이가 뮤라스와 협조하여 보다 나은 세계를 만드는 과정이었으나, 이재용이 놈이 다시 나타나서 뮤라스의 어미 즉, 뮤제국 칼리와 섹스하고 놀아나며 이 새끼가 뮤라스 아버지를 주장하려 한다. 이같은 어처구니 없는 꼴을 두고 볼수 없으므로 박종권이가 뮤라스와의 모든 관계를 처음부터 끝까지 해제시키고 없던 일로 돌리며, 뮤라스에서 떠나는데, 그 결과로서 뮤제국은 플레이아데스 최고악당 루퍼쓰 일당에게 넘어갔으며, 갈수록 흉악하고 악랄한 악의 제국으로 변해간 것이다. 그로서 아틀란티스와의 충돌은 불을 보듯 뻔한 상황이 전개되었으며, 흉악하고 악랄하게 변한 뮤제국은 지구세계 전반에 걸쳐서 못된 악행을 자행하고, 아틀란티스와 충돌한다. 결국 최후의 전쟁이 유발되고 둘다 파멸하는 결과가 온다. 이 문제도 이재용이 놈 때문에 유발된 것들이다. 이재용이 놈은 말데크도 파멸시킨다. 말데크를 파멸시킨 제1원인이 이재용이 놈이다. 이 새끼는, 후일 니비루 성장이 되는데 이것 역시도 박종권이를 살인하고 빼앗은 것들을 가지고 그렇게 한 것으로서 이 새끼가 하루종일 세계 최고 최상의 미녀보지 쑤시기만 하는 놈이지 무슨 전쟁을 하고 용기를 가지고 뭘하고 그러는 놈이 아니다. 하지만 요 새끼는 안드로메다은하계냉기치놈과 아플레이아데스17인수장놈들의 전폭적지원하에 매일같이 최고급보지쑤시기 쾌락만 즐기면서도 박종권이라는 놈이 지닌 불굴의 의지나 투쟁등 좋은 것을 빼앗아서 제 놈이 마치 고통과 희생을 감내하면서 어려운 상황을 돌파하고 사람들을 좋은 세계로 인도하는 지도자인것처럼 능수능란하게 위장하여 어마어마한 보답과 대가를 가로챈다. 말데크가 파멸한 것은 이 새끼가 자행한 박종권이의 정염과 박종권이의 매력적인 품성 visage들을 악용하여 섹스열풍과 쾌락호사열풍을 일으킨 결과이다. 이어서 이재용이가 파멸시킨 곳은 독일제3제국 나치스이다. 히틀러는 이재용이 놈으로 인해서 파멸했다. 히틀러는 최초에는 에드거케이시가 말했듯 높은 지성을 지니고 긍정적인 높은 사상을 지닌 지도자로서 칭찬되었으며 지구영단에서 인정한 사람이었지만, 종국에는 이재용이 놈으로 인해서 파멸되었다로 목격관찰되다. 히틀러와 독일제3제국이 강대한 제국으로서 성장하고 힘을 발휘할수 있었던 이유중 하나는 플레이아데스인박종권이 때문이다. 독일제3제국의 힘의 원동력은 늑대개종족에서 오는데, 이 늑대개종족은 박종권이가 친하게 지내던 우주개종족의 위변형체이다. 우주개종족들은 플레이아데스인박종권이를 믿고 따라왔으며 박종권이가 히틀러의 웅변과 연설을 듣고 이들이 하는 일에 일부 동조하자, 늑대개종족으로 위변형하여 독일제국에 참전한다. 그게 독일제국이 성장하고 힘을 가지게 된 이유중 하나이다. 플레이아데스인 그것도 현대플레이아데스인은 박종권이 한 놈이다. 현대플레이아데스까지 올수 있는 아플레이아데스놈들은 단 한놈도 없다. 일반적으로 플레이아데스라고 하면 과거플레이아데스를 말하는데, 이들은 적어도 18조년전의 미마스 놈인 동시에, 아주 아주 좋게 봐주면 약 2조년전의 아주 아주 오래전 고대세계에서 살던 미개인들이다. 2조년이라는 것은 플레이아데스시공간차원상에서의 플레이아데스시간을 의미한다. 이건 지구인시간으로 치면 영겁이고 영원이다. 박종권이 우습게 보지 마라 합스부르크는 이건희놈이 하자는 대로 했고, 이재용이 놈을 독일군장성으로 받아들였다. 그것이 바로 구데리안 장군이다. 이 구데리안이라는 독일장군은 실제로는 박종권이와 같이 한 사람일수 있는데, 중도에서 이재용이 놈이 섹스마법으로서 그리고 박종권이 한 놈만 잡으면 우리 모두가 천국가고 편안하게 높은 세계가서 호사하고 섹스쾌락하면서 산다라는 주장으로서 파고 들어와서 결국에는 독일여신(독일여신이 있다. 이 여자의 아름다움이나 매력도 박종권플레이아데스인의 여성성으로부터 연관된다. 비웃지마라 실제로 사람들이 아름답고 매력적으로 혹은 품위있는 아름다움으로 인식하는 여성의 얼굴의 원형은 박종권이 얼굴 즉 영적인 형상과 매우 유사한 관계를 가진다. visage로 말해지는 영적인 용모는 이상하게도 박종권이 얼굴이 남자로서 보면 그게 그런데 이게 여자로 위변형되면 아주 괜찮은 어떤 얼굴을 만들어낸다는 점이다. 이 점은 아틀란티스서양계여자나 뮤제국동양계여자나 동일하게 나온다.)을 망가뜨리고, 구데리안에게 파고들어서 원구데리안을 죽인다. 그리고 이재용이 놈이 구데리안이 되는데, 그 결과는 스탈린그라드 전투에서 패배한 것이다. 스탈린그라드전투는 독일제3제국을 패망으로 이끈 기폭제역할을 했고 결국 독일제국이 파멸한다. 합스부르크는 이 문제에 관한한 내게 할말이 없다 이재용이 놈과 함께 하면 발전번영쾌락부귀호사가 오고 박종권이가 하자는대로 하면 힘들고 괴롭고 되는일 없고 나라가 망한다라고 말하는 놈들은, 이건희놈이며, 아플레이아데스수장17놈이며, 안드로메다은하계냉기치 놈이다. 실제로 박종권이와 함께 했을때 번영과 발전이 온다. 그게 현재까지의 결과다. 이재용이를 받아들이고 함께 한 결과들은 독일제국의 패망, 일본제국의 패망, 아틀란티스와 뮤제국의 파멸들이다. 왜 내가 하자는대로 하지 않는거냐? 미국은 태평양전쟁에서 일본에게 패할 뻔 했고 지금도 이 상태는 지속된다. 미국이 태평양전쟁에서 일본에게 질뻔 한 것을 우리가 개입해서 제6우주의 다른 사람들을 끌어들여서 참전하게 하고, 일본을 간신히 제압시킨 것이다. 만일 우리가 개입하지 않았다면 미국은 승리할수 없었다. 우리가 미국을 도운 것은 일본제국이 우리에게 너무도 악독한 행패를 자행했기 때문이다. 우리는 일본군의 전투를 돕기 위하여 아틀란티스원신체까지 희생당할 위기에 몰린다. 일본천황 히로히토가 잘못 생각한 것이 그것이다. 결국 우리가 발을 빼고 미국을 돕기 시작하고 그로서 간신히 일본을 제압한 것이다. 내가 말하는 것이 황당하게 들리고 같지 않게 들리겠지만, 이게 사실이다. 지금 이건희, 이재용이는 박종권이 놈을 지금여기서 살인해서 아예 죽여버리면, 우리 모두가 아주 큰 이익을 얻을 것이라고 주장하고 사람들을 선동하지만 과연 그럴까? 라마제국의 군비확장과 무력의 강화 그리고 패권추구의 힘은 박종권이가 지원해준 것들이다. 물론 당시에 아틀란티스에도 박종권이가 있다. 하지만 여기있는 박종권이는 플레이아데스인으로 인증된 지구인이다. 서로 다르다 뮤제국을 서정적이고 아름다운 제국으로 만들어가던 것은 뮤라스이지만 그 뮤라스가 바로 나다. 독일제3제국을 흥기시킨 것은 박종권이다. 우주개종족을 영입하고 우주개종족이 늑대개종족으로 위변형하여 참전하여 독일제국의 힘을 키운다. 이거 거짓말이 아니다. 그러나 독일제국은 이재용이의 자지맛에 심취해서 박종권이를 배반했다. 게다가 영국여왕년들의 보지질도 박종권이를 거듭죽이는데, 그것은 결국 히틀러의 분노와 파멸을 유도했다. 그래서 진 것이다. 독일군장군들이 이재용이로 변화한다. 이재용이가 되어서는 싸울수 없다. 어디 싸워보거라 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 플레이아데스인으로 인정된 박종권이는 지구세계의 일에 절대로 개입하지 아니하며 모든 사건과 사고 일들에서 발을 빼고 철수하며, 개입된 모든 지구세계 지구차원 지구영역의 사건 사고 일들로부터 걸려있는 발들을 모조리 일괄소급하여 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜서 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 아울러서 우주개종족들 또한 독일제3제국으로부터 모두 일괄소급하여 발을 빼고 철수하도록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이후 지구세계의 일에 일체간섭개입하지 아니하도록 지시명령처리기록되다. 일본제국도 마찬가지로서 일본제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 독일제국도 마찬가지로서 독일제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 영국도 마찬가지로서 영국에 걸린 모든 발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구세계 전체에 걸린 모든발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 박종권이는 원본래적으로 살던 곳으로 복귀토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이후 지구차원 지구영역 지구세계의 그 어떤 일에도 개입간섭참여동조하지 아니하도록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이건희,이재용이에 대해서 영적으로사형처리토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이 두놈을 여기서 죽이지 못한다면 훗날 더 심각한 재난이 초래될 것이다 이 두놈에 대해서 무조건 일괄소급하여 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 일괄소급하여 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권 The Battle of Stalingrad (German: Schlacht von Stalingrad [ˈʃlaxt fɔn ˈʃtaːlɪnˌgʁaːt];[16] Russian: Сталинградская битва, tr. Stalingradskaya bitva, IPA: [stəlʲɪnˈɡrat͡skəjə ˈbʲitvə]; 23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943)[17][18][19] was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd) in Southern Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, with the battle epitomizing urban warfare.[20][21][22] The Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War.[23][24] Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is universally regarded as the turning point in the European theatre of war, as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German High Command) to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th Army and an entire corps of its 4th Panzer Army.[25] The victory at Stalingrad energized the Red Army and shifted the balance of power in the favour of the Soviets. Stalingrad was strategically important to both sides as a major industrial and transport hub on the Volga River. Whoever controlled Stalingrad would have access to the oil fields of the Caucasus and would gain control of the Volga. Germany, already operating on dwindling fuel supplies, focused its efforts on moving deeper into Soviet territory and taking the oil fields at any cost. On 4 August, the Germans launched an offensive by using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. The attack was supported by intense Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The battle degenerated into house-to-house fighting as both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November, the Germans, at great cost, had pushed the Soviet defenders back into narrow zones along the west bank of the river. On 19 November, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the Romanian armies protecting the 6th Army's flanks.[26] The Axis flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Adolf Hitler was determined to hold the city at all costs and forbade the 6th Army from attempting a breakout; instead, attempts were made to supply it by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. The Soviets were successful in denying the Germans the ability to resupply through the air which strained the German forces to their breaking point. Nevertheless, the German forces were determined to continue their advance and heavy fighting continued for another two months. On 2 February 1943, the German 6th Army, having exhausted their ammunition and food, finally capitulated after over five months of fighting, making it the first of Hitler's field armies to surrender during World War II.[27] The Soviet victory is commemorated in Russia as the Day of Military Honour. Background By the spring of 1942, despite the failure of Operation Barbarossa to decisively defeat the Soviet Union in a single campaign, the Wehrmacht had captured vast expanses of territory, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic republics. On the Western Front, Germany held most of Europe, the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic was holding American support at bay, and in North Africa Erwin Rommel had just captured Tobruk.[28]: 522 In the east, the Germans had stabilised a front running from Leningrad south to Rostov, with a number of minor salients. Hitler was confident that he could break the Red Army despite the heavy German losses west of Moscow in winter 1941–42, because Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) had been unable to engage 65% of its infantry, which had meanwhile been rested and re-equipped. Neither Army Group North nor Army Group South had been particularly hard-pressed over the winter.[29] Stalin was expecting the main thrust of the German summer attacks to be directed against Moscow again.[25]: 498 Hitler decided that Germany's summer campaign in 1942 would be directed at the southern parts of the Soviet Union. The initial objectives in the region around Stalingrad were to destroy the industrial capacity of the city and to block the Volga River traffic connecting the Caucasus and Caspian Sea to central Russia, as the city is strategically located near a big bend of the Volga. The Germans cut the pipeline from the oilfields when they captured Rostov on 23 July. The capture of Stalingrad would make the delivery of Lend-Lease supplies via the Persian Corridor much more difficult.[30][31][32] On 23 July 1942, Hitler personally rewrote the operational objectives for the 1942 campaign, greatly expanding them to include the occupation of the city of Stalingrad. Both sides began to attach propaganda value to the city, which bore the name of the Soviet leader meaning that the capture of the city would have been a great ideological victory for the Reich.[33] Hitler proclaimed that after Stalingrad's capture, its male citizens were to be killed and all women and children were to be deported because its population was "thoroughly communistic" and "especially dangerous".[34] Hitler planned for the fall of the city firmly securing the northern and western flanks of the German armies as they advanced on Baku, with the aim of gaining its strategic petroleum resources for Germany.[28]: 528 The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves.[35] The Soviets realised their critical situation, ordering everyone who could hold a rifle into the fight.[36]: 94 Prelude If I do not get the oil of Maikop and Grozny then I must finish [liquidieren; "kill off", "liquidate"] this war. — Adolf Hitler[28]: 514 Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. The planned summer offensive, code-named Fall Blau (Case Blue), was to include the German 6th, 17th, 4th Panzer and 1st Panzer Armies. Army Group South had overrun the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1941. Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive.[37] German and Romanian command personnel consult in a field position near the Don River, August 1942. Hitler intervened, however, ordering the Army Group to split in two. Army Group South (A), under the command of Wilhelm List, was to continue advancing south towards the Caucasus as planned with the 17th Army and First Panzer Army. Army Group South (B), including Friedrich Paulus's 6th Army and Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army, was to move east towards the Volga and Stalingrad. Army Group B was commanded by General Maximilian von Weichs.[38] The German advance to the Don River between 7 May and 23 July The start of Case Blue had been planned for late May 1942. However, a number of German and Romanian units that were to take part in Blau were besieging Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for Blau several times, and the city did not fall until early July. Operation Fridericus I by the Germans against the "Isium bulge", pinched off the Soviet salient in the Second Battle of Kharkov, and resulted in the envelopment of a large Soviet force between 17 May and 29 May. Similarly, Operation Wilhelm attacked Voltshansk on 13 June, and Operation Fridericus attacked Kupiansk on 22 June.[39] Blau finally opened as Army Group South began its attack into southern Russia on 28 June 1942. The German offensive started well. Soviet forces offered little resistance in the vast empty steppes and started streaming eastward. Several attempts to re-establish a defensive line failed when German units outflanked them. Two major pockets were formed and destroyed: the first, northeast of Kharkov, on 2 July, and a second, around Millerovo, Rostov Oblast, a week later. Meanwhile, the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 4th Panzer Army had launched an assault on Voronezh, capturing the city on 5 July. The initial advance of the 6th Army was so successful that Hitler intervened and ordered the 4th Panzer Army to join Army Group South (A) to the south. A massive road block resulted when the 4th Panzer and the 1st Panzer choked the roads, stopping both in their tracks while they cleared the mess of thousands of vehicles. The traffic jam is thought to have delayed the advance by at least one week. With the advance now slowed, Hitler changed his mind and reassigned the 4th Panzer Army back to the attack on Stalingrad. By the end of July, the Germans had pushed the Soviets across the Don River. At this point, the Don and Volga Rivers are only 65 km (40 mi) apart, and the Germans left their main supply depots west of the Don, which had important implications later in the course of the battle. The Germans began using the armies of their Italian, Hungarian and Romanian allies to guard their left (northern) flank. Occasionally Italian actions were mentioned in official German communiques.[40][41][42][43] Italian forces were generally held in little regard by the Germans, and were accused of low morale: in reality, the Italian divisions fought comparatively well, with the 3rd Infantry Division "Ravenna" and 5th Infantry Division "Cosseria" showing spirit, according to a German liaison officer.[44] The Italians were forced to retreat only after a massive armoured attack in which German reinforcements failed to arrive in time, according to German historian Rolf-Dieter Müller.[45] German infantry and a supporting StuG III assault gun during the battle On 25 July the Germans faced stiff resistance with a Soviet bridgehead west of Kalach. "We had had to pay a high cost in men and material ... left on the Kalach battlefield were numerous burnt-out or shot-up German tanks."[46] The Germans formed bridgeheads across the Don on 20 August, with the 295th and 76th Infantry Divisions enabling the XIVth Panzer Corps "to thrust to the Volga north of Stalingrad." The German 6th Army was only a few dozen kilometres from Stalingrad. The 4th Panzer Army, ordered south on 13 July to block the Soviet retreat "weakened by the 17th Army and the 1st Panzer Army", had turned northwards to help take the city from the south.[47] To the south, Army Group A was pushing far into the Caucasus, but their advance slowed as supply lines grew overextended. The two German army groups were too far apart to support one another. After German intentions became clear in July 1942, Stalin appointed General Andrey Yeryomenko commander of the Southeastern Front on 1 August 1942. Yeryomenko and Commissar Nikita Khrushchev were tasked with planning the defence of Stalingrad.[48] Beyond the Volga River on the eastern boundary of Stalingrad, additional Soviet units were formed into the 62nd Army under Lieutenant General Vasiliy Chuikov on 11 September 1942. Tasked with holding the city at all costs,[49] Chuikov proclaimed, "We will defend the city or die in the attempt."[50] The battle earned him one of his two Hero of the Soviet Union awards. Orders of battle Red Army Main article: Soviet order of battle for the Battle of Stalingrad During the defence of Stalingrad, the Red Army deployed five armies in and around the city (28th, 51st, 57th, 62nd and 64th Armies); and an additional nine armies in the encirclement counteroffensive[51] (24th, 65th, 66th Armies and 16th Air Army from the north as part of the Don Front offensive, and 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank, 21st Army, 2nd Air Army and 17th Air Army from the south as part of the Southwestern Front). Axis Main article: Axis order of battle at the Battle of Stalingrad Attack on Stalingrad Initial attack See also: Bombing of Stalingrad The German advance to Stalingrad between 24 July and 18 November "Stalingrad-South", 1942 map from the German General Staff "Stalingrad-South", 1942 map from the German General Staff David Glantz indicated[52] that four hard-fought battles – collectively known as the Kotluban Operations – north of Stalingrad, where the Soviets made their greatest stand, decided Germany's fate before the Nazis ever set foot in the city itself, and were a turning point in the war. Beginning in late August, continuing in September and into October, the Soviets committed between two and four armies in hastily coordinated and poorly controlled attacks against the Germans' northern flank. The actions resulted in more than 200,000 Soviet Army casualties but did slow the German assault. On 23 August the 6th Army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad in pursuit of the 62nd and 64th Armies, which had fallen back into the city. Kleist later said after the war: The capture of Stalingrad was subsidiary to the main aim. It was only of importance as a convenient place, in the bottleneck between Don and the Volga, where we could block an attack on our flank by Russian forces coming from the east. At the start, Stalingrad was no more than a name on the map to us.[53] The Soviets had enough warning of the German advance to ship grain, cattle, and railway cars across the Volga out of harm's way, but Stalin refused to evacuate the 400,000 civilian residents of Stalingrad. This "harvest victory" left the city short of food even before the German attack began. Before the Heer reached the city itself, the Luftwaffe had cut off shipping on the Volga, vital for bringing supplies into the city. Between 25 and 31 July, 32 Soviet ships were sunk, with another nine crippled.[54] Smoke over the city center after aerial bombing by the German Luftwaffe on the central station German infantry in position for an attack. The battle began with the heavy bombing of the city by Generaloberst Wolfram von Richthofen's Luftflotte 4. Some 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped in 48 hours, more than in London at the height of the Blitz.[55] At least 90% of the city's housing stock was obliterated.[56] The exact number of civilians killed is unknown but was most likely very high. Around 40,000 civilians were taken to Germany as slave workers, some fled during battle and a small number were evacuated by the Soviets, but by February 1943 only 10,000 to 60,000 civilians were still alive. Much of the city was smashed to rubble, although some factories continued production while workers joined in the fighting. The Stalingrad Tractor Factory continued to turn out T-34 tanks up until German troops burst into the plant. The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment was the only non-German unit[57] selected by the Wehrmacht to enter Stalingrad city during assault operations. It fought as part of the 100th Jäger Division. Stalin rushed all available troops to the east bank of the Volga, some from as far away as Siberia. Regular river ferries were quickly destroyed by the Luftwaffe, which then targeted troop barges being towed slowly across by tugs.[48] It has been said that Stalin prevented civilians from leaving the city in the belief that their presence would encourage greater resistance from the city's defenders.[58] Civilians, including women and children, were put to work building trenchworks and protective fortifications. A massive German air raid on 23 August caused a firestorm, killing hundreds and turning Stalingrad into a vast landscape of rubble and burnt ruins. Ninety percent of the living space in the Voroshilovskiy area was destroyed. Between 23 and 26 August, Soviet reports indicate 955 people were killed and another 1,181 wounded as a result of the bombing.[59] Casualties were estimated to have been 40,000,[60][21] though they were likely exaggerated,[61] and after 25 August the Soviets did not record any civilian and military casualties as a result of air raids.[Note 3] Soviets preparing to ward off a German assault in Stalingrad's suburbs The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. The VVS bases in the immediate area lost 201 aircraft between 23 and 31 August, and despite meagre reinforcements of some 100 aircraft in August, it was left with just 192 serviceable aircraft, 57 of which were fighters.[62] The Soviets continued to pour aerial reinforcements into the Stalingrad area in late September, but continued to suffer appalling losses; the Luftwaffe had complete control of the skies. The burden of the initial defence of the city fell on the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment,[58] a unit made up mainly of young female volunteers who had no training for engaging ground targets. Despite this, and with no support available from other units, the AA gunners stayed at their posts and took on the advancing panzers. The German 16th Panzer Division reportedly had to fight the 1077th's gunners "shot for shot" until all 37 anti-aircraft guns were destroyed or overrun. The 16th Panzer was shocked to find that, due to Soviet manpower shortages, it had been fighting female soldiers.[63][64] In the early stages of the battle, the NKVD organised poorly armed "Workers' militias" similar to those that had defended the city twenty-four years earlier, composed of civilians not directly involved in war production for immediate use in the battle. The civilians were often sent into battle without rifles.[65] Staff and students from the local technical university formed a "tank destroyer" unit. They assembled tanks from leftover parts at the tractor factory. These tanks, unpainted and lacking gun-sights, were driven directly from the factory floor to the front line. They could only be aimed at point-blank range through the bore of their gun barrels.[66] German soldiers clearing the streets in Stalingrad By the end of August, Army Group South (B) had finally reached the Volga, north of Stalingrad. Another advance to the river south of the city followed, while the Soviets abandoned their Rossoshka position for the inner defensive ring west of Stalingrad. The wings of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army met near Jablotchni along the Zaritza on 2 Sept.[67] By 1 September, the Soviets could only reinforce and supply their forces in Stalingrad by perilous crossings of the Volga under constant bombardment by artillery and aircraft. September city battles On 5 September, the Soviet 24th and 66th Armies organized a massive attack against XIV Panzer Corps. The Luftwaffe helped repel the offensive by heavily attacking Soviet artillery positions and defensive lines. The Soviets were forced to withdraw at midday after only a few hours. Of the 120 tanks the Soviets had committed, 30 were lost to air attack.[68] Soviet soldiers running through trenches in the ruins of Stalingrad Soviet operations were constantly hampered by the Luftwaffe. On 18 September, the Soviet 1st Guards and 24th Army launched an offensive against VIII Army Corps at Kotluban. VIII. Fliegerkorps dispatched wave after wave of Stuka dive-bombers to prevent a breakthrough. The offensive was repelled. The Stukas claimed 41 of the 106 Soviet tanks knocked out that morning, while escorting Bf 109s destroyed 77 Soviet aircraft.[69] Amid the debris of the wrecked city, the Soviet 62nd and 64th Armies, which included the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, anchored their defence lines with strong-points in houses and factories. Fighting within the ruined city was fierce and desperate. Lieutenant General Alexander Rodimtsev was in charge of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, and received one of two Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded during the battle for his actions. Stalin's Order No. 227 of 27 July 1942 decreed that all commanders who ordered unauthorised retreats would be subject to a military tribunal.[70] Deserters and perceived malingerers were captured or executed after fighting.[71] During the battle the 62nd Army had the most arrests and executions: 203 in all, of which 49 were executed, while 139 were sent to penal companies and battalions.[72][73][74][75] The Germans pushing forward into Stalingrad suffered heavy casualties. By 12 September, at the time of their retreat into the city, the Soviet 62nd Army had been reduced to 90 tanks, 700 mortars and just 20,000 personnel.[76] The remaining tanks were used as immobile strong-points within the city. The initial German attack on 14 September attempted to take the city in a rush. The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city.[77] Assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. 1, it suffered particularly heavy losses. October 1942: A German soldier with a Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun in Barrikady factory rubble Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. The Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. 1, suffered particularly heavy losses. Over 30 percent of its soldiers were killed in the first 24 hours, and just 320 out of the original 10,000 survived the entire assault.[78] Both objectives were retaken, but only temporarily. Fighting was so fierce and intense during one day that the railway station changed hands 14 times in six hours.[78] By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division had ceased to exist. Combat raged for several days at the giant grain elevator in the south of the city. About fifty Red Army defenders, cut off from resupply, held the position for five days and fought off ten different assaults before running out of ammunition and water. Only forty dead Soviet fighters were found, though the Germans had thought there were many more due to the intensity of resistance. The Soviets burned large amounts of grain during their retreat in order to deny the enemy food. Paulus chose the grain elevator and silos as the symbol of Stalingrad for a patch he was having designed to commemorate the battle after a German victory. German soldiers of the 24th Panzer Division in action during the fighting for the southern station of Stalingrad. Pavlov's House (1943) In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov fortified a four-story building that oversaw a square 300 meters from the river bank, later called Pavlov's House. The soldiers surrounded it with minefields, set up machine-gun positions at the windows and breached the walls in the basement for better communications.[76] The soldiers found about ten Soviet civilians hiding in the basement. They were not relieved, and not significantly reinforced, for two months. The building was labelled Festung ("Fortress") on German maps. Sgt. Pavlov was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union for his actions. The Germans made slow but steady progress through the city. Positions were taken individually, but the Germans were never able to capture the key crossing points along the river bank. By 27 Sept. the Germans occupied the southern portion of the city, but the Soviets held the centre and northern part. Most importantly, the Soviets controlled the ferries to their supplies on the east bank of the Volga.[79] Soviet assault troops in the battle Strategy and tactics German military doctrine was based on the principle of combined-arms teams and close cooperation between tanks, infantry, engineers, artillery and ground-attack aircraft. Some Soviet commanders adopted the tactic of always keeping their front-line positions as close to the Germans as physically possible; Chuikov called this "hugging" the Germans. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire.[80][81] The Red Army gradually adopted a strategy to hold for as long as possible all the ground in the city. Thus, they converted multi-floored apartment blocks, factories, warehouses, street corner residences and office buildings into a series of well-defended strong-points with small 5–10-man units. Manpower in the city was constantly refreshed by bringing additional troops over the Volga. When a position was lost, an immediate attempt was usually made to re-take it with fresh forces.[citation needed] Soviets defend a position. Bitter fighting raged for ruins, streets, factories, houses, basements, and staircases.[21] Blocks and buildings would change hands numerous times through intense hand-to-hand fighting.[82][83] Even the sewers were the sites of firefights. The Germans called this unseen urban warfare Rattenkrieg ("Rat War"),[84] and bitterly joked about capturing the kitchen but still fighting for the living room and the bedroom. Buildings had to be cleared room by room through the bombed-out debris of residential areas, office blocks, basements and apartment high-rises. Some of the taller buildings, blasted into roofless shells by earlier German aerial bombardment, saw floor-by-floor, close-quarters combat, with the Germans and Soviets on alternate levels, firing at each other through holes in the floors.[citation needed] Fighting on and around Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent hill above the city, was particularly merciless; indeed, the position changed hands many times.[85][86] German soldiers positioning themselves for urban warfare (colourised) The Germans used aircraft, tanks and heavy artillery to clear the city with varying degrees of success. Toward the end of the battle, the gigantic railroad gun nicknamed Dora was brought into the area. The Soviets built up a large number of artillery batteries on the east bank of the Volga. This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire. Snipers on both sides used the ruins to inflict casualties. The most famous Soviet sniper in Stalingrad was Vasily Zaytsev,[87] with 225 confirmed kills during the battle. Targets were often soldiers bringing up food or water to forward positions. Artillery spotters were an especially prized target for snipers.[citation needed] Soviet marines landing on the west bank of the Volga River A significant historical debate concerns the degree of terror in the Red Army. The British historian Antony Beevor noted the "sinister" message from the Stalingrad Front's Political Department on 8 October 1942 that: "The defeatist mood is almost eliminated and the number of treasonous incidents is getting lower" as an example of the sort of coercion Red Army soldiers experienced under the Special Detachments (later to be renamed SMERSH).[88] On the other hand, Beevor noted the often extraordinary bravery of the Soviet soldiers in a battle that was only comparable to Verdun, and argued that terror alone cannot explain such self-sacrifice.[89] Richard Overy addresses the question of just how important the Red Army's coercive methods were to the Soviet war effort compared with other motivational factors such as hatred for the enemy. He argues that, though it is "easy to argue that from the summer of 1942 the Soviet army fought because it was forced to fight," to concentrate solely on coercion is nonetheless to "distort our view of the Soviet war effort."[90] After conducting hundreds of interviews with Soviet veterans on the subject of terror on the Eastern Front – and specifically about Order No. 227 ("Not a step back!") at Stalingrad – Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief."[91] Infantryman Lev Lvovich's explanation, for example, is typical for these interviews; as he recalls, "[i]t was a necessary and important step. We all knew where we stood after we had heard it. And we all – it's true – felt better. Yes, we felt better."[91] Many women fought on the Soviet side or were under fire. As General Chuikov acknowledged, "Remembering the defence of Stalingrad, I can't overlook the very important question … about the role of women in war, in the rear, but also at the front. Equally with men they bore all the burdens of combat life and together with us men, they went all the way to Berlin."[92] At the beginning of the battle there were 75,000 women and girls from the Stalingrad area who had finished military or medical training, and all of whom were to serve in the battle.[93] Women staffed a great many of the anti-aircraft batteries that fought not only the Luftwaffe but German tanks.[94] Soviet nurses not only treated wounded personnel under fire but were involved in the highly dangerous work of bringing wounded soldiers back to the hospitals under enemy fire.[95] Many of the Soviet wireless and telephone operators were women who often suffered heavy casualties when their command posts came under fire.[96] Though women were not usually trained as infantry, many Soviet women fought as machine gunners, mortar operators, and scouts.[97] Women were also snipers at Stalingrad.[98] Three air regiments at Stalingrad were entirely female.[97] At least three women won the title Hero of the Soviet Union while driving tanks at Stalingrad.[99] Soil after the Battle of Stalingrad in the Vladimir Military Museum For both Stalin and Hitler, Stalingrad became a matter of prestige far beyond its strategic significance.[100] The Soviet command moved units from the Red Army strategic reserve in the Moscow area to the lower Volga and transferred aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad region. The strain on both military commanders was immense: Paulus developed an uncontrollable tic in his eye, which eventually affected the left side of his face, while Chuikov experienced an outbreak of eczema that required him to have his hands completely bandaged. Troops on both sides faced the constant strain of close-range combat.[101] Fighting in the industrial district The Stalingrad Tractor Factory in the northernmost part of the city in 1942 After 27 September, much of the fighting in the city shifted north to the industrial district. Having slowly advanced over 10 days against strong Soviet resistance, the 51st Army Corps was finally in front of the three giant factories of Stalingrad: the Red October Steel Factory, the Barrikady Arms Factory and Stalingrad Tractor Factory. It took a few more days for them to prepare for the most savage offensive of all, which was unleashed on 14 October.[102] Exceptionally intense shelling and bombing paved the way for the first German assault groups. The main attack (led by the 14th Panzer and 305th Infantry Divisions) attacked towards the tractor factory, while another assault led by the 24th Panzer Division hit to the south of the giant plant.[103] Soviet soldiers in the Red October Factory The German onslaught crushed the 37th Guards Rifle Division of Major General Viktor Zholudev and in the afternoon the forward assault group reached the tractor factory before arriving at the Volga River, splitting the 62nd Army into two.[104] In response to the German breakthrough to the Volga, the front headquarters committed three battalions from the 300th Rifle Division and the 45th Rifle Division of Colonel Vasily Sokolov, a substantial force of over 2,000 men, to the fighting at the Red October Factory.[105] Fighting raged inside the Barrikady Factory until the end of October.[106] The Soviet-controlled area shrank down to a few strips of land along the western bank of the Volga, and in November the fighting concentrated around what Soviet newspapers referred to as "Lyudnikov's Island", a small patch of ground behind the Barrikady Factory where the remnants of Colonel Ivan Lyudnikov's 138th Rifle Division resisted all ferocious assaults thrown by the Germans and became a symbol of the stout Soviet defence of Stalingrad.[107] Air attacks Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers above the burning city From 5 to 12 September, Luftflotte 4 conducted 7,507 sorties (938 per day). From 16 to 25 September, it carried out 9,746 missions (975 per day).[108] Determined to crush Soviet resistance, Luftflotte 4's Stukawaffe flew 900 individual sorties against Soviet positions at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory on 5 October. Several Soviet regiments were wiped out; the entire staff of the Soviet 339th Infantry Regiment was killed the following morning during an air raid.[109] The Luftwaffe retained air superiority into November, and Soviet daytime aerial resistance was nonexistent. However, the combination of constant air support operations on the German side and the Soviet surrender of the daytime skies began to affect the strategic balance in the air. From 28 June to 20 September, Luftflotte 4's original strength of 1,600 aircraft, of which 1,155 were operational, fell to 950, of which only 550 were operational. The fleet's total strength decreased by 40 percent. Daily sorties decreased from 1,343 per day to 975 per day. Soviet offensives in the central and northern portions of the Eastern Front tied down Luftwaffe reserves and newly built aircraft, reducing Luftflotte 4's percentage of Eastern Front aircraft from 60 percent on 28 June to 38 percent by 20 September. The Kampfwaffe (bomber force) was the hardest hit, having only 232 out of an original force of 480 left.[108] The VVS remained qualitatively inferior, but by the time of the Soviet counter-offensive, the VVS had reached numerical superiority. In mid-October, after receiving reinforcements from the Caucasus theatre, the Luftwaffe intensified its efforts against the remaining Red Army positions holding the west bank. Luftflotte 4 flew 1,250 sorties on 14 October and its Stukas dropped 550 tonnes of bombs, while German infantry surrounded the three factories.[110] Stukageschwader 1, 2, and 77 had largely silenced Soviet artillery on the eastern bank of the Volga before turning their attention to the shipping that was once again trying to reinforce the narrowing Soviet pockets of resistance. The 62nd Army had been cut in two and, due to intensive air attack on its supply ferries, was receiving much less material support. With the Soviets forced into a 1-kilometre (1,000-yard) strip of land on the western bank of the Volga, over 1,208 Stuka missions were flown in an effort to eliminate them.[111] Clouds of smoke and dust rise from the ruins of the canning factory in Stalingrad South after German bombing of the city on 2 October 1942. The Soviet bomber force, the Aviatsiya Dal'nego Deystviya (Long Range Aviation; ADD), having taken crippling losses over the past 18 months, was restricted to flying at night. The Soviets flew 11,317 night sorties over Stalingrad and the Don-bend sector between 17 July and 19 November. These raids caused little damage and were of nuisance value only.[112][113]: 265 On 8 November, substantial units from Luftflotte 4 were withdrawn to combat the Allied landings in North Africa. The German air arm found itself spread thinly across Europe, struggling to maintain its strength in the other southern sectors of the Soviet-German front.[Note 4] As historian Chris Bellamy notes, the Germans paid a high strategic price for the aircraft sent into Stalingrad: the Luftwaffe was forced to divert much of its air strength away from the oil-rich Caucasus, which had been Hitler's original grand-strategic objective.[114] The Royal Romanian Air Force was also involved in the Axis air operations at Stalingrad. Starting 23 October 1942, Romanian pilots flew a total of 4,000 sorties, during which they destroyed 61 Soviet aircraft. The Romanian Air Force lost 79 aircraft, most of them captured on the ground along with their airfields.[115] Germans reach the Volga After three months of slow advance, the Germans finally reached the river banks, capturing 90% of the ruined city and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets. Ice floes on the Volga now prevented boats and tugs from supplying the Soviet defenders. Nevertheless, the fighting continued, especially on the slopes of Mamayev Kurgan and inside the factory area in the northern part of the city.[116] From 21 August to 20 November, the German 6th Army lost 60,548 men, including 12,782 killed, 45,545 wounded and 2,221 missing.[117] Soviet counter-offensives Soviet soldiers attack, February 1943. The ruined Railwaymen's Building is in the background. Recognising that German troops were ill-prepared for offensive operations during the winter of 1942 and that most of them were redeployed elsewhere on the southern sector of the Eastern Front, the Stavka decided to conduct a number of offensive operations between 19 November 1942 and 2 February 1943. These operations opened the Winter Campaign of 1942–1943 (19 November 1942 – 3 March 1943), which involved some fifteen Armies operating on several fronts. According to Zhukov, "German operational blunders were aggravated by poor intelligence: they failed to spot preparations for the major counter-offensive near Stalingrad where there were 10 field, 1 tank and 4 air armies."[118] Weakness on the Axis flanks A camel drawn German supply convoy heads towards friendly forces stationed near the Volga river, September 1942. During the siege, the German and allied Italian, Hungarian, and Romanian armies protecting Army Group B's north and south flanks had pressed their headquarters for support. The Hungarian 2nd Army was given the task of defending a 200 km (120 mi) section of the front north of Stalingrad between the Italian Army and Voronezh. This resulted in a very thin line, with some sectors where 1–2 km (0.62–1.24 mi) stretches were being defended by a single platoon (platoons typically have around 20 to 50 men). These forces were also lacking in effective anti-tank weapons. Zhukov states, "Compared with the Germans, the troops of the satellites were not so well armed, less experienced and less efficient, even in defence."[119] Because of the total focus on the city, the Axis forces had neglected for months to consolidate their positions along the natural defensive line of the Don River. The Soviet forces were allowed to retain bridgeheads on the right bank from which offensive operations could be quickly launched. These bridgeheads in retrospect presented a serious threat to Army Group B.[38] Similarly, on the southern flank of the Stalingrad sector, the front southwest of Kotelnikovo was held only by the Romanian 4th Army. Beyond that army, a single German division, the 16th Motorised Infantry, covered 400 km. Paulus had requested permission to "withdraw the 6th Army behind the Don," but was rejected. According to Paulus's comments to his adjutant Wilhelm Adam, "There is still the order whereby no commander of an army group or an army has the right to relinquish a village, even a trench, without Hitler's consent."[120] Operation Uranus Main article: Operation Uranus The Soviet counter-attack at Stalingrad German front, 19 November German front, 12 December German front, 24 December Soviet advance, 19–28 November In autumn, the Soviet generals Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky, responsible for strategic planning in the Stalingrad area, concentrated forces in the steppes to the north and south of the city. The northern flank was defended by Hungarian and Romanian units, often in open positions on the steppes. The natural line of defence, the Don River, had never been properly established by the German side. The armies in the area were also poorly equipped in terms of anti-tank weapons. The plan was to punch through the overstretched and weakly defended German flanks and surround the German forces in the Stalingrad region. During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organisation, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack.[121] The operation was code-named "Uranus" and launched in conjunction with Operation Mars, which was directed at Army Group Center about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) to the northwest. The plan was similar to the one Zhukov had used to achieve victory at Khalkhin Gol three years before, where he had sprung a double envelopment and destroyed the 23rd Division of the Japanese army.[122] General Andrey Yeryomenko (right) with Nikita Khrushchev (left), Chief Commissar of the Stalingrad Front, December 1942 On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus. The attacking Soviet units under the command of Gen. Nikolay Vatutin consisted of three complete armies, the 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank Army and 21st Army, including a total of 18 infantry divisions, eight tank brigades, two motorised brigades, six cavalry divisions and one anti-tank brigade. The preparations for the attack could be heard by the Romanians, who continued to push for reinforcements, only to be refused again. Thinly spread, deployed in exposed positions, outnumbered and poorly equipped, the Romanian 3rd Army, which held the northern flank of the German 6th Army, was overrun. Behind the front lines, no preparations had been made to defend key points in the rear such as Kalach. The response by the Wehrmacht was both chaotic and indecisive. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. Army Group B was in disarray and faced strong Soviet pressure across all its fronts. Hence it was ineffective in relieving the 6th Army. On 20 November, a second Soviet offensive (two armies) was launched to the south of Stalingrad against points held by the Romanian 4th Army Corps. The Romanian forces, made up primarily of infantry, were overrun by large numbers of tanks. The Soviet forces raced west and met on 23 November at the town of Kalach, sealing the ring around Stalingrad.[123] The link-up of the Soviet forces, not filmed at the time, was later re-enacted for a propaganda film which was shown worldwide.[citation needed] Sixth Army surrounded Romanian soldiers near Stalingrad German soldiers as prisoners of war. In the background is the heavily fought-over Stalingrad grain elevator. Germans dead in the city The surrounded Axis personnel comprised 265,000 Germans, Romanians, Italians,[124] and Croatians. In addition, the German 6th Army included between 40,000 and 65,000 Hilfswillige (Hiwi), or "volunteer auxiliaries",[125][126] a term used for personnel recruited amongst Soviet POWs and civilians from areas under occupation. Hiwi often proved to be reliable Axis personnel in rear areas and were used for supporting roles, but also served in some front-line units as their numbers had increased.[126] German personnel in the pocket numbered about 210,000, according to strength breakdowns of the 20 field divisions (average size 9,000) and 100 battalion-sized units of the Sixth Army on 19 November 1942. Inside the pocket (German: Kessel, literally "cauldron"), there were also around 10,000 Soviet civilians and several thousand Soviet soldiers the Germans had taken captive during the battle. Not all of the 6th Army was trapped: 50,000 soldiers were brushed aside outside the pocket. These belonged mostly to the other two divisions of the 6th Army between the Italian and Romanian armies: the 62nd and 298th Infantry Divisions. Of the 210,000 Germans, 10,000 remained to fight on, 105,000 surrendered, 35,000 left by air and the remaining 60,000 died. Even with the desperate situation of the 6th Army, Army Group A had to hold its position in the Caucasus further south. No troops were pulled off that region to help relieve the 6th Army. Only on December 31, after Soviet forces had broken through German positions in Operation Little Saturn and threatened to retake Rostov-on-Don and cut off Army Group A completely, was it ordered to withdraw from the Caucasus to avoid being trapped.[127] Army Group Don was formed under Field Marshal von Manstein. Under his command were the twenty German and two Romanian divisions encircled at Stalingrad, Adam's battle groups formed along the Chir River and on the Don bridgehead, plus the remains of the Romanian 3rd Army.[128] The Red Army units immediately formed two defensive fronts: a circumvallation facing inward and a contravallation facing outward. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein advised Hitler not to order the 6th Army to break out, stating that he could break through the Soviet lines and relieve the besieged 6th Army.[129] The American historians Williamson Murray and Alan Millet wrote that it was Manstein's message to Hitler on 24 November advising him that the 6th Army should not break out, along with Göring's statements that the Luftwaffe could supply Stalingrad that "... sealed the fate of the Sixth Army".[130][131] After 1945, Manstein claimed that he told Hitler that the 6th Army must break out.[129] The American historian Gerhard Weinberg wrote that Manstein distorted his record on the matter.[132] Manstein was tasked to conduct a relief operation, named Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) against Stalingrad, which he thought was feasible if the 6th Army was temporarily supplied through the air.[133][134] Adolf Hitler had declared in a public speech (in the Berlin Sportpalast) on 30 September 1942 that the German army would never leave the city. At a meeting shortly after the Soviet encirclement, German army chiefs pushed for an immediate breakout to a new line on the west of the Don, but Hitler was at his Bavarian retreat of Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden with the head of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Göring. When asked by Hitler, Göring replied, after being convinced by Hans Jeschonnek,[135] that the Luftwaffe could supply the 6th Army with an "air bridge". This would allow the Germans in the city to fight on temporarily while a relief force was assembled.[123] A similar plan had been used a year earlier at the Demyansk Pocket, albeit on a much smaller scale: a corps at Demyansk rather than an entire army.[136] A Ju 52 approaching Stalingrad The director of Luftflotte 4, Wolfram von Richthofen, tried to get this decision overturned. The forces under the 6th Army were almost twice as large as a regular German army unit, plus there was also a corps of the 4th Panzer Army trapped in the pocket. Due to a limited number of available aircraft and having only one available airfield, at Pitomnik, the Luftwaffe could only deliver 105 tonnes of supplies per day, only a fraction of the minimum 750 tonnes that both Paulus and Zeitzler estimated the 6th Army needed.[137][Note 5] To supplement the limited number of Junkers Ju 52 transports, the Germans pressed other aircraft into the role, such as the Heinkel He 177 bomber. Some bombers performed adequately – the Heinkel He 111 proved to be quite capable and was much faster than the Ju 52.[138] General Richthofen informed Manstein on 27 November of the small transport capacity of the Luftwaffe and the impossibility of supplying 300 tons a day by air. Manstein now saw the enormous technical difficulties of a supply by air of these dimensions. The next day he made a six-page situation report to the general staff. Based on the information of the expert Richthofen, he declared that contrary to the example of the pocket of Demyansk the permanent supply by air would be impossible. If only a narrow link could be established to Sixth Army, he proposed that this should be used to pull it out from the encirclement, and said that the Luftwaffe should instead of supplies deliver only enough ammunition and fuel for a breakout attempt. He acknowledged the heavy moral sacrifice that giving up Stalingrad would mean, but this would be made easier to bear by conserving the combat power of the Sixth Army and regaining the initiative.[138] He ignored the limited mobility of the army and the difficulties of disengaging the Soviets. Hitler reiterated that the Sixth Army would stay at Stalingrad and that the air bridge would supply it until the encirclement was broken by a new German offensive. Supplying the 270,000 men trapped in the "cauldron" required 700 tons of supplies a day. That would mean 350 Ju 52 flights a day into Pitomnik. At a minimum, 500 tons were required. However, according to Adam, "On not one single day have the minimal essential number of tons of supplies been flown in."[139] The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. The most successful day, 19 December, the Luftwaffe delivered 262 tonnes of supplies in 154 flights. The outcome of the airlift was the Luftwaffe's failure to provide its transport units with the tools they needed to maintain an adequate count of operational aircraft – tools that included airfield facilities, supplies, manpower, and even aircraft suited to the prevailing conditions. These factors, taken together, prevented the Luftwaffe from effectively employing the full potential of its transport forces, ensuring that they were unable to deliver the quantity of supplies needed to sustain the 6th Army.[140] In the early parts of the operation, fuel was shipped at a higher priority than food and ammunition because of a belief that there would be a breakout from the city.[141] Transport aircraft also evacuated technical specialists and sick or wounded personnel from the besieged enclave. Sources differ on the number flown out: at least 25,000 to at most 35,000. The centre of Stalingrad after liberation, February 1943 Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[142] called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. On 23 December, the Soviet 24th Tank Corps, commanded by Major-General Vasily Mikhaylovich Badanov, reached nearby Skassirskaya and in the early morning of 24 December, the tanks reached Tatsinskaya. Without any soldiers to defend the airfield, it was abandoned under heavy fire; in a little under an hour, 108 Ju 52s and 16 Ju 86s took off for Novocherkassk – leaving 72 Ju 52s and many other aircraft burning on the ground. A new base was established some 300 km (190 mi) from Stalingrad at Salsk. The additional distance became another obstacle to the resupply efforts. Salsk was abandoned in turn by mid-January for a rough facility at Zverevo, near Shakhty. The field at Zverevo was attacked repeatedly on 18 January and a further 50 Ju 52s were destroyed. Winter weather conditions, technical failures, heavy Soviet anti-aircraft fire and fighter interceptions eventually led to the loss of 488 German aircraft. In spite of the failure of the German offensive to reach the 6th Army, the air supply operation continued under ever more difficult circumstances. The 6th Army slowly starved. General Zeitzler, moved by their plight, began to limit himself to their slim rations at meal times. After a few weeks on such a diet, he had "visibly lost weight", according to Albert Speer, and Hitler "commanded Zeitzler to resume at once taking sufficient nourishment".[143] The toll on the Transportgruppen was heavy. 160 aircraft were destroyed and 328 were heavily damaged (beyond repair). Some 266 Junkers Ju 52s were destroyed; one-third of the fleet's strength on the Eastern Front. The He 111 gruppen lost 165 aircraft in transport operations. Other losses included 42 Ju 86s, 9 Fw 200 Condors, 5 He 177 bombers and 1 Ju 290. The Luftwaffe also lost close to 1,000 highly experienced bomber crew personnel.[144] So heavy were the Luftwaffe's losses that four of Luftflotte 4's transport units (KGrzbV 700, KGrzbV 900, I./KGrzbV 1 and II./KGzbV 1) were "formally dissolved".[55] End of the battle Operation Winter Storm Main article: Operation Winter Storm Manstein's plan to rescue the Sixth Army – Operation Winter Storm – was developed in full consultation with Führer headquarters. It aimed to break through to the Sixth Army and establish a corridor to keep it supplied and reinforced, so that, according to Hitler's order, it could maintain its "cornerstone" position on the Volga, "with regard to operations in 1943". Manstein, however, who knew that Sixth Army could not survive the winter there, instructed his headquarters to draw up a further plan in the event of Hitler's seeing sense. This would include the subsequent breakout of Sixth Army, in the event of a successful first phase, and its physical reincorporation in Army Group Don. This second plan was given the name Operation Thunderclap. Winter Storm, as Zhukov had predicted, was originally planned as a two-pronged attack. One thrust would come from the area of Kotelnikovo, well to the south, and around 160 kilometres (100 mi) from the Sixth Army. The other would start from the Chir front west of the Don, which was little more than 60 kilometres (40 mi) from the edge of the Kessel, but the continuing attacks of Romanenko's 5th Tank Army against the German detachments along the river Chir ruled out that start-line. This left only the LVII Panzer Corps around Kotelnikovo, supported by the rest of Hoth's very mixed Fourth Panzer Army, to relieve Paulus's trapped divisions. The LVII Panzer Corps, commanded by General Friedrich Kirchner, had been weak at first. It consisted of two Romanian cavalry divisions and the 23rd Panzer Division, which mustered no more than thirty serviceable tanks. The 6th Panzer Division, arriving from France, was a vastly more powerful formation, but its members hardly received an encouraging impression. The Austrian divisional commander, General Erhard Raus, was summoned to Manstein's royal carriage in Kharkov station on 24 November, where the field marshal briefed him. "He described the situation in very sombre terms", recorded Raus. Three days later, when the first trainload of Raus's division steamed into Kotelnikovo station to unload, his troops were greeted by "a hail of shells" from Soviet batteries. "As quick as lightning, the Panzergrenadiers jumped from their wagons. But already the enemy was attacking the station with their battle-cries of 'Urrah!'" By 18 December, the German Army had pushed to within 48 km (30 mi) of Sixth Army's positions. However, the predictable nature of the relief operation brought significant risk for all German forces in the area. The starving encircled forces at Stalingrad made no attempt to break out or link up with Manstein's advance. Some German officers requested that Paulus defy Hitler's orders to stand fast and instead attempt to break out of the Stalingrad pocket. Paulus refused, concerned about the Red Army attacks on the flank of Army Group Don and Army Group B in their advance on Rostov-on-Don, "an early abandonment" of Stalingrad "would result in the destruction of Army Group A in the Caucasus", and the fact that his 6th Army tanks only had fuel for a 30 km advance towards Hoth's spearhead, a futile effort if they did not receive assurance of resupply by air. Of his questions to Army Group Don, Paulus was told, "Wait, implement Operation 'Thunderclap' only on explicit orders!" – Operation Thunderclap being the code word initiating the breakout.[145] Operation Little Saturn Main article: Operation Little Saturn Soviet gains during Operation Little Saturn On 16 December, the Soviets launched Operation Little Saturn, which attempted to punch through the Axis army (mainly Italians) on the Don. The Germans set up a "mobile defence" of small units that were to hold towns until supporting armour arrived. From the Soviet bridgehead at Mamon, 15 divisions – supported by at least 100 tanks – attacked the Italian Cosseria and Ravenna Divisions, and although outnumbered 9 to 1, the Italians initially fought well, with the Germans praising the quality of the Italian defenders,[146] but on 19 December, with the Italian lines disintegrating, ARMIR headquarters ordered the battered divisions to withdraw to new lines.[147] The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. Sensing that this was the last chance for a breakout, Manstein pleaded with Hitler on 18 December, but Hitler refused. Paulus himself also doubted the feasibility of such a breakout. The attempt to break through to Stalingrad was abandoned and Army Group A was ordered to pull back from the Caucasus. The 6th Army now was beyond all hope of German relief. While a motorised breakout might have been possible in the first few weeks, the 6th Army now had insufficient fuel and the German soldiers would have faced great difficulty breaking through the Soviet lines on foot in harsh winter conditions. But in its defensive position on the Volga, the 6th Army continued to tie down a significant number of Soviet Armies.[148] On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives.[149] As Zhukov states, "The military and political leadership of Nazi Germany sought not to relieve them, but to get them to fight on for as long possible so as to tie up the Soviet forces. The aim was to win as much time as possible to withdraw forces from the Caucasus (Army Group A) and to rush troops from other Fronts to form a new front that would be able in some measure to check our counter-offensive."[150] Soviet victory Main article: Operation Koltso Commander-in-chief of the Don Front The Stalingrad Master General Konstantin Rokossovsky 759,560 Soviet personnel were awarded this medal for the defence of Stalingrad from 22 December 1942. The Red Army High Command sent three envoys while simultaneously aircraft and loudspeakers announced terms of capitulation on 7 January 1943. The letter was signed by Colonel-General of Artillery Voronov and the commander-in-chief of the Don Front, Lieutenant-General Rokossovsky. A low-level Soviet envoy party (comprising Major Aleksandr Smyslov, Captain Nikolay Dyatlenko and a trumpeter) carried generous surrender terms to Paulus: if he surrendered within 24 hours, he would receive a guarantee of safety for all prisoners, medical care for the sick and wounded, prisoners being allowed to keep their personal belongings, "normal" food rations, and repatriation to any country they wished after the war. Rokossovsky's letter also stressed that Paulus' men were in an untenable situation. Paulus requested permission to surrender, but Hitler rejected Paulus' request out of hand. Accordingly, Paulus did not respond.[151][152] The German High Command informed Paulus, "Every day that the army holds out longer helps the whole front and draws away the Russian divisions from it."[153] The Germans inside the pocket retreated from the suburbs of Stalingrad to the city itself. The loss of the two airfields, at Pitomnik on 16 January 1943 and Gumrak on the night of 21/22 January,[154] meant an end to air supplies and to the evacuation of the wounded.[36]: 98 The third and last serviceable runway was at the Stalingradskaya flight school, which reportedly had the last landings and takeoffs on 23 January.[57] After 23 January, there were no more reported landings, just intermittent air drops of ammunition and food until the end.[155] The Germans were now not only starving but running out of ammunition. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. In particular, the so-called HiWis, Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. The Germans adopted a simple defence of fixing wire nets over all windows to protect themselves from grenades. The Soviets responded by fixing fish hooks to the grenades so they stuck to the nets when thrown. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility.[citation needed] Friedrich Paulus (left), with his chief of staff, Arthur Schmidt (centre) and his aide, Wilhelm Adam (right), after their surrender, January 1943 On 22 January, Rokossovsky once again offered Paulus a chance to surrender. Paulus requested that he be granted permission to accept the terms. He told Hitler that he was no longer able to command his men, who were without ammunition or food.[156] Hitler rejected it on a point of honour. He telegraphed the 6th Army later that day, claiming that it had made a historic contribution to the greatest struggle in German history and that it should stand fast "to the last soldier and the last bullet". Hitler told Goebbels that the plight of the 6th Army was a "heroic drama of German history".[157] On 24 January, in his radio report to Hitler, Paulus reported: "18,000 wounded without the slightest aid of bandages and medicines."[158] On 26 January 1943, the German forces inside Stalingrad were split into two pockets north and south of Mamayev-Kurgan. The northern pocket consisting of the VIIIth Corps, under General Walter Heitz, and the XIth Corps, was now cut off from telephone communication with Paulus in the southern pocket. Now "each part of the cauldron came personally under Hitler".[159] On 28 January, the cauldron was split into three parts. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". The sick and wounded reached 40,000 to 50,000.[160] On 30 January 1943, the 10th anniversary of Hitler's coming to power, Goebbels read out a proclamation that included the sentence: "The heroic struggle of our soldiers on the Volga should be a warning for everybody to do the utmost for the struggle for Germany's freedom and the future of our people, and thus in a wider sense for the maintenance of our entire continent."[161] Paulus notified Hitler that his men would likely collapse before the day was out. In response, Hitler issued a tranche of field promotions to the Sixth Army's officers. Most notably, he promoted Paulus to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. In deciding to promote Paulus, Hitler noted that there was no record of a German or Prussian field marshal having ever surrendered. The implication was clear: if Paulus surrendered, he would shame himself and would become the highest-ranking German officer ever to be captured. Hitler believed that Paulus would either fight to the last man or commit suicide.[162] On the next day, the southern pocket in Stalingrad collapsed. Soviet forces reached the entrance to the German headquarters in the ruined GUM department store.[163] When interrogated by the Soviets, Paulus claimed that he had not surrendered. He said that he had been taken by surprise. He denied that he was the commander of the remaining northern pocket in Stalingrad and refused to issue an order in his name for them to surrender.[164][165] There was no one with a camera present to film the capture of Paulus. One person, though, Roman Karmen, managed to record the first interrogation of Paulus that took place the same day, at Shumilov's 64th Army's HQ, and a few hours later at Rokossovsky's Don Front HQ.[166] The central pocket, under the command of Heitz, surrendered the same day, while the northern pocket, under the command of General Karl Strecker, held out for two more days.[167] Four Soviet armies were deployed against the northern pocket. At four in the morning on 2 February, Strecker was informed that one of his own officers had gone to the Soviets to negotiate surrender terms. Seeing no point in continuing, he sent a radio message saying that his command had done its duty and fought to the last man. When Strecker finally surrendered, he and his chief of staff, Helmuth Groscurth, drafted the final signal sent from Stalingrad, purposely omitting the customary exclamation to Hitler, replacing it with "Long live Germany!"[168] Around 91,000 exhausted, ill, wounded, and starving prisoners were taken. The prisoners included 22 generals. Hitler was furious and confided that Paulus "could have freed himself from all sorrow and ascended into eternity and national immortality, but he prefers to go to Moscow".[169] Casualties The Axis suffered 747,300–868,374 combat casualties (killed, wounded or captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and their allies: 282,606 in the 6th Army from 21 August to the end of the battle; 17,293 in the 4th Panzer Army from 21 August to 31 January; 55,260 in the Army Group Don from 1 December 1942 to the end of the battle (12,727 killed, 37,627 wounded and 4,906 missing)[117][170] Walsh estimates the losses to 6th Army and 4th Panzer division were over 300,000; including other German army groups between late June 1942 and February 1943, total German casualties were over 600,000.[171] Louis A. DiMarco estimated the German suffered 400,000 total casualties (killed, wounded or captured) during this battle.[11] According to Frieser, et al.: 109,000 Romanians casualties (from November 1942 to December 1942), included 70,000 captured or missing. 114,000 Italians and 105,000 Hungarians were killed, wounded or captured (from December 1942 to February 1943).[12] According to Stephen Walsh: Romanian casualties were 158,854; 114,520 Italians (84,830 killed, missing and 29,690 wounded); and 143,000 Hungarian (80,000 killed, missing and 63,000 wounded).[172] Losses among Soviet POW turncoats Hiwis, or Hilfswillige range between 19,300 and 52,000.[13] 235,000 German and allied troops in total, from all units, including Manstein's ill-fated relief force, were captured during the battle.[173] It is estimated that as many as over 1 million soldiers and civilians combined were killed during the battle.[174][175] The Germans lost 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports), 500 tanks and 6,000 artillery pieces.[176] According to a contemporary Soviet report, 5,762 guns, 1,312 mortars, 12,701 heavy machine guns, 156,987 rifles, 80,438 sub-machine guns, 10,722 trucks, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks, 261 other armoured vehicles, 571 half-tracks and 10,679 motorcycles were captured by the Soviets.[177] In addition, an unknown amount of Hungarian, Italian, and Romanian materiel was lost. The situation of the Romanian tanks is known, however. Before Operation Uranus, the 1st Romanian Armoured Division consisted of 121 R-2 light tanks and 19 German-produced tanks (Panzer III and IV). All of the 19 German tanks were lost, as well as 81 of the R-2 light tanks. Only 27 of the latter were lost in combat, however, the remaining 54 being abandoned after breaking down or running out of fuel. Ultimately, however, Romanian armoured warfare proved to be a tactical success, as the Romanians destroyed 127 Soviet tanks for the cost of their 100 lost units. Romanian forces destroyed 62 Soviet tanks on 20 November for the cost of 25 tanks of their own, followed by 65 more Soviet tanks on 22 November, for the cost of 10 tanks of their own.[178] More Soviet tanks were destroyed as they overran the Romanian airfields. This was accomplished by Romanian Vickers/Reșița 75 mm anti-aircraft guns, which proved effective against Soviet armour. The battle for the German-Romanian airfield at Karpova lasted two days, with Romanian gunners destroying numerous Soviet tanks. Later, when the Tatsinskaya Airfield was also captured, the Romanian 75 mm guns destroyed five more Soviet tanks.[179] The USSR, according to archival figures, suffered 1,129,619 total casualties; 478,741 personnel killed or missing, and 650,878 wounded or sick. The USSR lost 4,341 tanks destroyed or damaged, 15,728 artillery pieces and 2,769 combat aircraft.[14][180] 955 Soviet civilians died in Stalingrad and its suburbs from aerial bombing by Luftflotte 4 as the German 4th Panzer and 6th Armies approached the city.[59] Luftwaffe losses Luftwaffe losses for Stalingrad (24 November 1942 to 31 January 1943) Losses Aircraft type 269 Junkers Ju 52 169 Heinkel He 111 42 Junkers Ju 86 9 Focke-Wulf Fw 200 5 Heinkel He 177 1 Junkers Ju 290 Total: 495 About 20 squadrons or more than an air corps The losses of transport planes were especially serious, as they destroyed the capacity for supply of the trapped 6th Army. The destruction of 72 aircraft when the airfield at Tatsinskaya Airfield was overrun meant the loss of about 10 percent of the Luftwaffe transport fleet.[181] These losses amounted to about 50 percent of the aircraft committed and the Luftwaffe training program was stopped and sorties in other theatres of war were significantly reduced to save fuel for use at Stalingrad. Aftermath The aftermath of the Battle of Stalingrad A Soviet soldier marches a German soldier into captivity. Generalfeldmarschall Paulus meets with Generaloberst Walter Heitz, then the two highest ranking German officers captured by the Allies, 4 February 1943 The German public was not officially told of the impending disaster until the end of January 1943, though positive media reports had stopped in the weeks before the announcement.[182] Stalingrad marked the first time that the Nazi government publicly acknowledged a failure in its war effort. On 31 January, regular programmes on German state radio were replaced by a broadcast of the sombre Adagio movement from Anton Bruckner's Seventh Symphony, followed by the announcement of the defeat at Stalingrad.[182] On 18 February, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels gave the famous Sportpalast speech in Berlin, encouraging the Germans to accept a total war that would claim all resources and efforts from the entire population. Based on Soviet records, over 11,000 German soldiers continued to resist in isolated groups within the city for the next month.[citation needed] Some have presumed that they were motivated by a belief that fighting on was better than a slow death in Soviet captivity. Brown University historian Omer Bartov claims they were motivated by belief in Hitler and National Socialism. He studied 11,237 letters sent by soldiers inside of Stalingrad between 20 December 1942 and 16 January 1943 to their families in Germany. Almost every letter expressed belief in Germany's ultimate victory and their willingness to fight and die at Stalingrad to achieve that victory.[183] Bartov reported that a great many of the soldiers were well aware that they would not be able to escape from Stalingrad, but in their letters to their families stated that they were proud to "sacrifice themselves for the Führer".[184] The bombing campaign and five months of fighting in the city had utterly destroyed 99% of the city, with the city being nothing more than a heap of rubble.[185] The remaining forces continued to resist, hiding in cellars and sewers, but by early March 1943 the last small and isolated pockets of resistance had surrendered. According to Soviet intelligence documents shown in the documentary, a remarkable NKVD report from March 1943 is available showing the tenacity of some of these German groups: The mopping-up of counter-revolutionary elements in the city of Stalingrad proceeded. The German soldiers – who had hidden themselves in huts and trenches – offered armed resistance after combat actions had already ended. This armed resistance continued until 15 February and in a few areas until 20 February. Most of the armed groups were liquidated by March ... During this period of armed conflict with the Germans, the brigade's units killed 2,418 soldiers and officers and captured 8,646 soldiers and officers, escorting them to POW camps and handing them over. The operative report of the Don Front's staff issued on 5 February 1943, 22:00 said, The 64th Army was putting itself in order, being in previously occupied regions. Location of army's units is as it was previously. In the region of location of the 38th Motorised Rifle Brigade in a basement eighteen armed SS-men [sic] were found, who refused to surrender, the Germans found were destroyed.[186] The condition of the troops that surrendered was pitiful. British war correspondent Alexander Werth described the following scene in his Russia at War book, based on a first-hand account of his visit to Stalingrad on 3–5 February 1943, We [...] went into the yard of the large burnt out building of the Red Army House; and here one realised particularly clearly what the last days of Stalingrad had been to so many of the Germans. In the porch lay the skeleton of a horse, with only a few scraps of meat still clinging to its ribs. Then we came into the yard. Here lay more more [sic?] horses' skeletons, and to the right, there was an enormous horrible cesspool – fortunately, frozen solid. And then, suddenly, at the far end of the yard I caught sight of a human figure. He had been crouching over another cesspool, and now, noticing us, he was hastily pulling up his pants, and then he slunk away into the door of the basement. But as he passed, I caught a glimpse of the wretch's face – with its mixture of suffering and idiot-like incomprehension. For a moment, I wished that the whole of Germany were there to see it. The man was probably already dying. In that basement [...] there were still two hundred Germans—dying of hunger and frostbite. "We haven't had time to deal with them yet," one of the Russians said. "They'll be taken away tomorrow, I suppose." And, at the far end of the yard, besides the other cesspool, behind a low stone wall, the yellow corpses of skinny Germans were piled up – men who had died in that basement—about a dozen wax-like dummies. We did not go into the basement itself – what was the use? There was nothing we could do for them.[187] Out of the nearly 91,000 German prisoners captured in Stalingrad, only about 5,000 returned.[188] Weakened by disease, starvation and lack of medical care during the encirclement, they were sent on forced marches to prisoner camps and later to labour camps all over the Soviet Union. Some 35,000 were eventually sent on transports, of which 17,000 did not survive. Most died of wounds, disease (particularly typhus), cold, overwork, mistreatment and malnutrition. Some were kept in the city to help rebuild it. A handful of senior officers were taken to Moscow and used for propaganda purposes, and some of them joined the National Committee for a Free Germany. Some, including Paulus, signed anti-Hitler statements that were broadcast to German troops. Paulus testified for the prosecution during the Nuremberg Trials and assured families in Germany that those soldiers taken prisoner at Stalingrad were safe.[189] He remained in the Soviet Union until 1952, then moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he spent the remainder of his days defending his actions at Stalingrad and was quoted as saying that Communism was the best hope for postwar Europe.[190] General Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach offered to raise an anti-Hitler army from the Stalingrad survivors, but the Soviets did not accept the offer. It was not until 1955 that the last of the 5,000–6,000 survivors were repatriated (to West Germany) after a plea to the Politburo by Konrad Adenauer. Significance Army University Press in association with the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate presents the Stalingrad campaign overview Stalingrad has been described as the greatest defeat in the history of the German Army.[191] It is often identified as the turning point on the Eastern Front, in the war against Germany overall, and in the entire Second World War.[192][193][194] The Red Army had the initiative, and the Wehrmacht was in retreat. A year of German gains during Case Blue had been wiped out. Germany's Sixth Army had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered.[195] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom.[196] The destruction of an entire army (the largest killed, captured, wounded figures for Axis soldiers, nearly 1 million, during the war) and the frustration of Germany's grand strategy made the battle a watershed moment.[197] At the time, the global significance of the battle was not in doubt. Writing in his diary on 1 January 1943, British General Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, reflected on the change in the position from a year before: I felt Russia could never hold, Caucasus was bound to be penetrated, and Abadan (our Achilles heel) would be captured with the consequent collapse of Middle East, India, etc. After Russia's defeat how were we to handle the German land and air forces liberated? England would be again bombarded, threat of invasion revived... And now! We start 1943 under conditions I would never have dared to hope. Russia has held, Egypt for the present is safe. There is a hope of clearing North Africa of Germans in the near future... Russia is scoring wonderful successes in Southern Russia.[197] At this point, the British had won the Battle of El Alamein in November 1942. However, there were only about 50,000 German soldiers at El Alamein in Egypt, while at Stalingrad 300,000 to 400,000 Germans had been lost.[197] Regardless of the strategic implications, there is little doubt about Stalingrad's symbolism. Germany's defeat shattered its reputation for invincibility and dealt a devastating blow to German morale. On 30 January 1943, the tenth anniversary of his coming to power, Hitler chose not to speak. Joseph Goebbels read the text of his speech for him on the radio. The speech contained an oblique reference to the battle, which suggested that Germany was now in a defensive war. The public mood was sullen, depressed, fearful, and war-weary.[198] The reverse was the case on the Soviet side. There was an overwhelming surge in confidence and belief in victory. A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." Stalin was feted as the hero of the hour and made a Marshal of the Soviet Union.[199] The news of the battle echoed round the world, with many people now believing that Hitler's defeat was inevitable.[195] The Turkish Consul in Moscow predicted that "the lands which the Germans have destined for their living space will become their dying space".[200] Britain's conservative The Daily Telegraph proclaimed that the victory had saved European civilisation.[200] The country celebrated "Red Army Day" on 23 February 1943. A ceremonial Sword of Stalingrad was forged by King George VI. After being put on public display in Britain, this was presented to Stalin by Winston Churchill at the Tehran Conference later in 1943.[199] Soviet propaganda spared no effort and wasted no time in capitalising on the triumph, impressing a global audience. The prestige of Stalin, the Soviet Union, and the worldwide Communist movement was immense, and their political position greatly enhanced.[201] Commemoration The Eternal Flame in Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd, Russia (collage) In recognition of the determination of its defenders, Stalingrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1945. A colossal monument called The Motherland Calls was erected in 1967 on Mamayev Kurgan, the hill overlooking the city where bones and rusty metal splinters can still be found.[202] The statue forms part of a war memorial complex which includes the ruins of the Grain Silo and Pavlov's House. On 2 February 2013 Volgograd hosted a military parade and other events to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the final victory.[203][204] Since then, military parades have always commemorated the victory in the city. Every year still, hundreds of bodies of soldiers who died in the battle are recovered in the area around Stalingrad and reburied in the cemeteries at Mamayev Kurgan or Rossoshka.[205] In popular culture Main article: Battle of Stalingrad in popular culture The events of the Battle for Stalingrad have been covered in numerous media works of British, American, German, and Russian origin,[206] for its significance as a turning point in the Second World War and for the loss of life associated with the battle. The term Stalingrad has become almost synonymous with large-scale urban battles with high casualties on both sides.[207][208][209]에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권 말데크와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 말데크에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 니비루와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 니비루에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 플레이아데스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 플레이아데스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 베가와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 베가에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 아틀란티스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 아틀란티스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 안드로메다은하계와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 안드로메다은하계에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 은하연합과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 은하연합에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 대영제국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 대영제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 영국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 영국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 소련 소비에트연방과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 소련 소비에트연방에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 지구세계 지구영역 지구차원과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 지구세계 지구차원 지구영역에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 제2차은하대전계와 제2차은하대전위원회, 제2차은하대전종족들과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 제2차은하대전계와 제2차은하대전위원회, 제2차은하대전종족에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 제2차은하대전계 가오리종족연합원로원에 전달하여, 라마제국 칼리에게 제공지원된 모든 무기들과 병기들 전법병법들과 술수 과학수단도구들 일체를 일괄소급하여 회수하고 빼앗고 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 지구인아틀란티스, 하아틀란티스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 지구인아틀란티스,하아틀란티스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구인아틀란티스, 하아틀란티스에 제공지원된 그 모든 모든 상위상급상천계의 혹은 제2차은하대전계의 첨단무기들과 병기들 전법병법들과 술수 과학수단도구들 일체를 일괄소급하여 회수하고 빼앗고 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 뮤제국뮤라스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 뮤제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 뮤라스 뮤제국에 제공지원된 그 모든 모든 무기들과 병기들 전법병법들과 술수 과학수단도구들 일체를 일괄소급하여 회수하고 빼앗고 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 아플레이아데스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 아플레이아데스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 라이라lyra와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 라이라에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 이건희가 박종권이의 우측안 바로 옆에 붙어서서 박종권이 행세를 하고, 지구인신들이나 기타의 사람들이 박종권이를 위해서 같이 섹스해주겠다거나 무언가를 해주겠다면서 오면, 이건희가 박종권이로 위장하여 나타나서 무조건 거부하고 박종권이는 원본래로서 그런 것을 싫어한다고 거짓으로 말하여 돌려보낸후, 다시 박종권이로 위장한 이재용이와 섹스하면 박종권이가 있는 곳으로 오게 해주거나 혹은 박종권이가 가진 좋은 것들을 나눠주겠다고 말하고 실제 그렇게 하는 술수로서 지구상 최고의 극상보지맛이란 보지맛은 다 보고 돌아다니며, 아플레이아데스수장17놈이 돌아가면서 극상보지맛을 보고, 훈족지도자, 선비족지도자놈들고 가세하여 돌아가면서 극상보지맛과 부귀호사 부귀공명질을 누리고 있는바, 박종권이도 원본래로서는 섹스쾌락열락질을 좋아하며, 부귀호사 부귀공명 부귀영광질도 좋아한다고 재공지공개토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 아울러서 이건희, 이재용이가 지위서열등급이 형편없이 낮은 비천한 놈들임에도 이상하게 박종권이를 직권대행 직권대리해서 박종권이라는 놈은 원본래로서 이러 이러한 놈이라서 이렇다라고 시건방지게 말하는 것을 금지제재토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이건희,이재용이 놈에 대해서는 무조건 지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영속적영구적으로 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수없는 영역과 차원으로 자동적으로 무한되풀이하여 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권 일본제국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 일본제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 고려,조선,한국,대한민국,남한과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 고려,조선,한국,대한민국,남한에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 중국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 중국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 미국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 미국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 중국공산당과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 미국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다 우리의 주장 증언이 우습게 들릴지 모르지만, 이걸 생각해보라. 만일 플레이아데스인(정식,아플레이아데스인이 아니다)이라면, 이 한 사람의 플레이아데스인이 가지는 권능이란, 적어도 28개이상의 지구행성을 먹여살리고 번영하게 할 힘이 있으며, 적어도 3개이상의 태양계를 먹여살리고 번영시킬 힘과 권능이 있다는 점이다. 게다가 우리는 현대플레이아데스인이며, 이 점은 아플레이아데스인이나 미마스와는 다른데, 등급상 최소 내등급상 600등급이상 차이가 난다는 점을 생각해볼 필요가 있다. 아플레이아데스는 현대플레이아데스에 비해서는 적게는 플레이아데스시간상 2조년이상의 먼 과거이며, 크게는 약 18조년이전의 아주 아주 먼 고대원시세계를 상징한다. 그게 차이점이다.우리의 주장이 허황되게 들린다면, 만일 우리가 정식플레이아데스인이라면 어떨까를 생각해본다면 일부 긍정할수 있다는 점이다. 물론 지금은 지구인이며 정식플레이아데스인은 지위등급서열상이며, 의식계내에서의 마음계에서의 일이다. 하지만, 그 의식계, 마음이 바로 플레이아데스에서는 현실이라는 점을 생각해볼 필요가 있다. 박종권계로서의 우리는 예상되는 해코지 탄압에 대비해서, 만일 그러하다면 유로파로 이동하여 피신토록 지시명령처리기록되다.에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권 이재용李在鎔1968년6월23일~에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권

 영적모독영적살인에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권

지구인들 세계에서 시작되어 온 은하계를 거쳐서 결국 안드로메다은하계까지 간 플레이아데스 프로젝트, 이건희프로젝트는 심각한 재앙의 전조이다

지구인세계에서 회자되는 지배계층의 잘못된 믿음들로 인해서, 가장 중요한 하이어라키 위계질서가 붕괴되고 영적인 가치들이 훼손파괴되고 있다.

이건희가 하자는 대로 하면, 힘들여 고생하지 않고도 천국에 갈수 있고 등급을 올릴수 있다는 그릇된 믿음이며, 이재용이 같은 놈을 키워주면 섹스쾌락열락을 얻고 부귀호사하고 부귀공명하고 굳이 힘들게 노력하지 않아도 잘먹고 잘살수 있고 등급도 올린다는 이상한 믿음들이다

이건희놈은 딱 하나인데, 박종권이놈 한놈만 잡으면 우리 모두가 고생하지 않고 높은 천국가서 살고, 영구적인 복락을 얻을것이라는 그릇된 믿음과 확신을 지구인세계 전체에 확산시키는 것이다 이재용이도 마찬가지다. 이재용이 놈은, 귀족신분차별주의로서의 선택된 극소수의 귀족적 기품이나 품위 혹은 사람들이 좋아할수 있는 귀족적부유함과 풍요함 그리고 무엇이든 원하면 가질수 있고 할수 있는 그 방만함과 여유로움에서 오는 애호포인트를 강조하고, 그러한 기반에서 섹스음락쾌락을 최대한 증폭시켜 사람들이면 누구나 좋아할만한 것들만 강조하여 인기를 받고 애호를 받는 술수로서, 자기들이 하자는대로 하면 우리 선택된 귀족계층들은 박종권이 같은 어리숙한 얼간이놈이 만들거나 가지고 있는 것들로서, 얼마든지 향락하고 즐기고 놀고 편하게 영구복락하는 가운데, 높은 천국으로 가고 등급도 올린다는 현실적주장들이다. 그로서 이 두 놈이 박종권이만 악랄하고 잔인하고 치밀하고 집요한 술수로서 죽이며, 빼앗은 고위등급의 체들과 품위 품격들을 사람들과 여신들에게 공유하게 하고 그로서 이재용이 놈이 하자는대로 보지구멍벌리고 섹스해주고 쾌락하면 등급높은 체를 얻고 품위 품격을 얻고 높은 세계로 가서 한자리 해 먹을수 있다는 그릇된 믿음과 신조를 확산시킨다.

그러나 우리가 목격관찰한 바로는, 우리가 사는 세계를 망가뜨리고, 우리가 사는 세계를 파멸시킨 놈들은 바로 이건희, 이재용이 놈이다.

라마제국이 파멸한 이유는 이재용이 놈 때문이다. 뮤제국이 파멸한 이유도 이재용이 놈 때문이다. 라마제국은, 칼리가 과거원업문제로 인해서 지구세계까지 하강하여 내려오는 와중에 시도했던 제국이다. 이 제국은, 박종권이의 협조로 인해서 강대해진다. 당시의 박종권이는, 지구인최초이자 마지막으로서 플레이아데스인으로서 인정되는데, 이는 상상천플레이아데스 즉 플레이아데스가 갈수 있는 최상위 최고의 마지막 단계의 플레이아데스에서 인증한 것이다. 사람들이 잘못 아는 것은, 나를 플레이아데스인으로 인증한 곳이 아플레이아데스로 안다는 점인데, 실제는 그게 아니다. 플레이아데스가 갈수 있는 최고의 단계로서 상천에서도 상상천에 속하는 최상위 플레이아데스에서 나를 인증했다. 현재의 아플레이아데스 수준을 감안해보면, 어림도 없는 일로서, 이 사람들의 현재성향과 기질들을 보건대 절대로 나같은 놈을 플레이아데스인으로 인증하지 않는다. 이 점을 감안해 두라

박종권이가 아닌 이재용이 놈이 아를 바꿔치기 하고, 이중영체등을 이용하고 박종권이의 아와 의식을 살인하여 죽인후, 박종권이처럼 위장해서 나타날 경우 무조건 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜서 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지금도 이재용이 놈이 이 글을 적고 있는 박종권로 위장해서 나타나서 칼리 옆에 서서 칼리 보지를 쑤셔대고 있는데, 이 씹새끼때문에 결국 라마제국이 파멸했다는 점을 기억해둬라. 빨리 더러운 자지 빼고 떨어져라. 

이후 박종권이가 제2차은하대전에 참전하고, 200만년간 싸우는데, 와중에 알게 된 제2차은하대전종족으로서 가오리종족이 있었다. 이 가오리종족을 통해서 우리는 라마제국에 많은 첨단무기들과 병법, 술수 및 기타 문명들의 도구수단들을 제공지원했다. 그런 결과로서 라마제국이 흥성하고 발전하였고 그 세력이 커지는데, 와중에 칼리가 나를 배반하고 이재용이 놈을 키워주고 받아들이면 더 많은 이익이 오는데, 그 이익이란 자기가 뮤제국수준 말하자면 플레이아데스등급의 아틀란티스급, 뮤제국으로 승격해서 뮤제국의 여신급이 될 것이라는 허망한 믿음들이다.

그리고는 이 여자가 이재용이 같이 비천하고 더러운 놈과 섹스해서 애까지 낳아주는데, 박종권이가 이를 뒤늦게 발견하고 크게 분노한다. 이재용이 요 새끼는 지금 박종권이가 지나간 인생살이에서 무엇을 했는지를 전부 처음부터 끝까지 다 알고 세밀하게 분석해가면서 박종권이를 죽이고 제 놈이 박종권이라고 주장하는 놈이다. 이 새끼가 내가 읽은 책이나 신념 믿음 신조 혹은 내가 중요시하는 것들에 대해서 아주 잘안다. 그래서 내가 중요시했던 인도사상들중 라마크리슈나와 연계된 칼리여신을 먼저 공격하고, 내가 믿는 신조나 믿음을 짓뭉개는 의도로서 칼리와 섹스한 것이며 그로서 영적살인 영적모독 및 나의 모든 체계를 붕괴시키고 파멸시키려고 의도한 것이 바로 이 사건이다.

내가 믿고 따르고 좋게 보는 신앙적 믿음체계에 대한 악랄하고 모독적인 파괴와 파멸의도로서 이재용이 놈이 현재 진행하는 나의 영적살인계획의 일부가 바로 이 사건이다

영혼 자체를 죽이겠다고 이를 갈아붙이고 덤벼들고 있다. 이런 경우 사람은 영혼파괴 영혼모독 영혼상처를 받고 심각한 타격과 고통을 받는다. 나의 절천지 원수놈들과 내가 가장 좋아했고 믿었던 여신들이 섹스를 하고 보지구멍을 벌려대고 신음을 하고 애를 낳는 광경은 나의 모든 세계와 체계를 완전히 파멸시키는 악랄하기 이를데 없는 영적모독이며 영혼살인의 범죄로서 결단코 용서받지 못할 것이다.

이재용이 놈이 그런 놈이다. 요 씨발놈

칼리가 어떤 생각으로 그렇게 했는지 모르지만, 결과는 라마제국의 파멸로 이어진다. 왜 그럴까 라마제국을 흥성하게 해 준 사람은 박종권이었지 이재용이가 아니었는데 이 여자가 이상하게 생각하고 이재용이 같은 더럽고 비천한 놈을 남편으로 모시고 제 년을 발전번영하도록 배후에서 협조하고 지원해준 박종권이에게는 애취급을 하고 반말을 지껄여대고, 분명히 내가 플레이아데스인의 지위를 가지고 있는 플레이아데스인임에도 그와 같이 행한 것은, 은하대전으로부터 그 어떤 지원이나 도움도 더 받을수 없게 그 스스로가 자초한 일이다. 결국 제2차은하대전급 혹은 어떤 상천급 다른 고위세계로부터의 첨단기술 무기 병법등 여러가지의 지원과 도움들이 철회되고 라마제국이 붕괴되는 이유가 된다. 이어서 뮤제국이 파멸한다. 뮤제국 역시도 박종권이가 뮤라스와 협조하여 보다 나은 세계를 만드는 과정이었으나, 이재용이 놈이 다시 나타나서 뮤라스의 어미 즉, 뮤제국 칼리와 섹스하고 놀아나며 이 새끼가 뮤라스 아버지를 주장하려 한다. 이같은 어처구니 없는 꼴을 두고 볼수 없으므로 박종권이가 뮤라스와의 모든 관계를 처음부터 끝까지 해제시키고 없던 일로 돌리며, 뮤라스에서 떠나는데, 그 결과로서 뮤제국은 플레이아데스 최고악당 루퍼쓰 일당에게 넘어갔으며, 갈수록 흉악하고 악랄한 악의 제국으로 변해간 것이다. 그로서 아틀란티스와의 충돌은 불을 보듯 뻔한 상황이 전개되었으며, 흉악하고 악랄하게 변한 뮤제국은 지구세계 전반에 걸쳐서 못된 악행을 자행하고, 아틀란티스와 충돌한다. 결국 최후의 전쟁이 유발되고 둘다 파멸하는 결과가 온다. 이 문제도 이재용이 놈 때문에 유발된 것들이다.

이재용이 놈은 말데크도 파멸시킨다. 말데크를 파멸시킨 제1원인이 이재용이 놈이다. 이 새끼는, 후일 니비루 성장이 되는데 이것 역시도 박종권이를 살인하고 빼앗은 것들을 가지고 그렇게 한 것으로서 이 새끼가 하루종일 세계 최고 최상의 미녀보지 쑤시기만 하는 놈이지 무슨 전쟁을 하고 용기를 가지고 뭘하고 그러는 놈이 아니다. 하지만 요 새끼는 안드로메다은하계냉기치놈과 아플레이아데스17인수장놈들의 전폭적지원하에 매일같이 최고급보지쑤시기 쾌락만 즐기면서도 박종권이라는 놈이 지닌 불굴의 의지나 투쟁등 좋은 것을 빼앗아서 제 놈이 마치 고통과 희생을 감내하면서 어려운 상황을 돌파하고 사람들을 좋은 세계로 인도하는 지도자인것처럼 능수능란하게 위장하여 어마어마한 보답과 대가를 가로챈다. 말데크가 파멸한 것은 이 새끼가 자행한 박종권이의 정염과 박종권이의 매력적인 품성 visage들을 악용하여 섹스열풍과 쾌락호사열풍을 일으킨 결과이다.

이어서 이재용이가 파멸시킨 곳은 독일제3제국 나치스이다. 히틀러는 이재용이 놈으로 인해서 파멸했다. 히틀러는 최초에는 에드거케이시가 말했듯 높은 지성을 지니고 긍정적인 높은 사상을 지닌 지도자로서 칭찬되었으며 지구영단에서 인정한 사람이었지만, 종국에는 이재용이 놈으로 인해서 파멸되었다로 목격관찰되다. 히틀러와 독일제3제국이 강대한 제국으로서 성장하고 힘을 발휘할수 있었던 이유중 하나는 플레이아데스인박종권이 때문이다. 독일제3제국의 힘의 원동력은 늑대개종족에서 오는데, 이 늑대개종족은 박종권이가 친하게 지내던 우주개종족의 위변형체이다. 우주개종족들은 플레이아데스인박종권이를 믿고 따라왔으며 박종권이가 히틀러의 웅변과 연설을 듣고 이들이 하는 일에 일부 동조하자, 늑대개종족으로 위변형하여 독일제국에 참전한다. 그게 독일제국이 성장하고 힘을 가지게 된 이유중 하나이다.

플레이아데스인 그것도 현대플레이아데스인은 박종권이 한 놈이다. 현대플레이아데스까지 올수 있는 아플레이아데스놈들은 단 한놈도 없다. 일반적으로 플레이아데스라고 하면 과거플레이아데스를 말하는데, 이들은 적어도 18조년전의 미마스 놈인 동시에, 아주 아주 좋게 봐주면 약 2조년전의 아주 아주 오래전 고대세계에서 살던 미개인들이다. 2조년이라는 것은 플레이아데스시공간차원상에서의 플레이아데스시간을 의미한다. 이건 지구인시간으로 치면 영겁이고 영원이다.

박종권이 우습게 보지 마라

합스부르크는 이건희놈이 하자는 대로 했고, 이재용이 놈을 독일군장성으로 받아들였다. 그것이 바로 구데리안 장군이다. 이 구데리안이라는 독일장군은 실제로는 박종권이와 같이 한 사람일수 있는데, 중도에서 이재용이 놈이 섹스마법으로서 그리고 박종권이 한 놈만 잡으면 우리 모두가 천국가고 편안하게 높은 세계가서 호사하고 섹스쾌락하면서 산다라는 주장으로서 파고 들어와서 결국에는 독일여신(독일여신이 있다. 이 여자의 아름다움이나 매력도 박종권플레이아데스인의 여성성으로부터 연관된다. 비웃지마라 실제로 사람들이 아름답고 매력적으로 혹은 품위있는 아름다움으로 인식하는 여성의 얼굴의 원형은 박종권이 얼굴 즉 영적인 형상과 매우 유사한 관계를 가진다. visage로 말해지는 영적인 용모는 이상하게도 박종권이 얼굴이 남자로서 보면 그게 그런데 이게 여자로 위변형되면 아주 괜찮은 어떤 얼굴을 만들어낸다는 점이다. 이 점은 아틀란티스서양계여자나 뮤제국동양계여자나 동일하게 나온다.)을 망가뜨리고, 구데리안에게 파고들어서 원구데리안을 죽인다. 그리고 이재용이 놈이 구데리안이 되는데, 그 결과는 스탈린그라드 전투에서 패배한 것이다. 스탈린그라드전투는 독일제3제국을 패망으로 이끈 기폭제역할을 했고 결국 독일제국이 파멸한다. 합스부르크는 이 문제에 관한한 내게 할말이 없다

이재용이 놈과 함께 하면 발전번영쾌락부귀호사가 오고 박종권이가 하자는대로 하면 힘들고 괴롭고 되는일 없고 나라가 망한다라고 말하는 놈들은, 이건희놈이며, 아플레이아데스수장17놈이며, 안드로메다은하계냉기치 놈이다. 실제로 박종권이와 함께 했을때 번영과 발전이 온다. 그게 현재까지의 결과다. 이재용이를 받아들이고 함께 한 결과들은 독일제국의 패망, 일본제국의 패망, 아틀란티스와 뮤제국의 파멸들이다.

왜 내가 하자는대로 하지 않는거냐?

미국은 태평양전쟁에서 일본에게 패할 뻔 했고 지금도 이 상태는 지속된다.

미국이 태평양전쟁에서 일본에게 질뻔 한 것을 우리가 개입해서 제6우주의 다른 사람들을 끌어들여서 참전하게 하고, 일본을 간신히 제압시킨 것이다. 만일 우리가 개입하지 않았다면 미국은 승리할수 없었다. 우리가 미국을 도운 것은 일본제국이 우리에게 너무도 악독한 행패를 자행했기 때문이다. 우리는 일본군의 전투를 돕기 위하여 아틀란티스원신체까지 희생당할 위기에 몰린다. 일본천황 히로히토가 잘못 생각한 것이 그것이다.

결국 우리가 발을 빼고 미국을 돕기 시작하고 그로서 간신히 일본을 제압한 것이다. 내가 말하는 것이 황당하게 들리고 같지 않게 들리겠지만, 이게 사실이다. 

지금 이건희, 이재용이는 박종권이 놈을 지금여기서 살인해서 아예 죽여버리면, 우리 모두가 아주 큰 이익을 얻을 것이라고 주장하고 사람들을 선동하지만 과연 그럴까?

라마제국의 군비확장과 무력의 강화 그리고 패권추구의 힘은 박종권이가 지원해준 것들이다. 물론 당시에 아틀란티스에도 박종권이가 있다. 하지만 여기있는 박종권이는 플레이아데스인으로 인증된 지구인이다. 서로 다르다

뮤제국을 서정적이고 아름다운 제국으로 만들어가던 것은 뮤라스이지만 그 뮤라스가 바로 나다. 

독일제3제국을 흥기시킨 것은 박종권이다. 우주개종족을 영입하고 우주개종족이 늑대개종족으로 위변형하여 참전하여 독일제국의 힘을 키운다. 이거 거짓말이 아니다. 그러나 독일제국은 이재용이의 자지맛에 심취해서 박종권이를 배반했다. 게다가 영국여왕년들의 보지질도 박종권이를 거듭죽이는데, 그것은 결국 히틀러의 분노와 파멸을 유도했다. 그래서 진 것이다.

독일군장군들이 이재용이로 변화한다. 이재용이가 되어서는 싸울수 없다. 어디 싸워보거라

지구인최초이자마지막으로서 플레이아데스인으로 인정된 박종권이는 지구세계의 일에 절대로 개입하지 아니하며 모든 사건과 사고 일들에서 발을 빼고 철수하며, 개입된 모든 지구세계 지구차원 지구영역의 사건 사고 일들로부터 걸려있는 발들을 모조리 일괄소급하여 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜서 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 아울러서 우주개종족들 또한 독일제3제국으로부터 모두 일괄소급하여 발을 빼고 철수하도록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이후 지구세계의 일에 일체간섭개입하지 아니하도록 지시명령처리기록되다.

일본제국도 마찬가지로서 일본제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.

독일제국도 마찬가지로서 독일제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.

영국도 마찬가지로서 영국에 걸린 모든 발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.

지구세계 전체에 걸린 모든발들을 일괄소급하여 빼고 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.

박종권이는 원본래적으로 살던 곳으로 복귀토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이후 지구차원 지구영역 지구세계의 그 어떤 일에도 개입간섭참여동조하지 아니하도록 지시명령처리기록되다.

이건희,이재용이에 대해서 영적으로사형처리토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이 두놈을 여기서 죽이지 못한다면 훗날 더 심각한 재난이 초래될 것이다 이 두놈에 대해서 무조건 일괄소급하여 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수 없는 영역과 차원으로 일괄소급하여 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권

The Battle of Stalingrad (German: Schlacht von Stalingrad [ˈʃlaxt fɔn ˈʃtaːlɪnˌgʁaːt];[16] Russian: Сталинградская битва, tr. Stalingradskaya bitva, IPA: [stəlʲɪnˈɡrat͡skəjə ˈbʲitvə]; 23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943)[17][18][19] was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd) in Southern Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, with the battle epitomizing urban warfare.[20][21][22] The Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War.[23][24] Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is universally regarded as the turning point in the European theatre of war, as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German High Command) to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th Army and an entire corps of its 4th Panzer Army.[25] The victory at Stalingrad energized the Red Army and shifted the balance of power in the favour of the Soviets.

Stalingrad was strategically important to both sides as a major industrial and transport hub on the Volga River. Whoever controlled Stalingrad would have access to the oil fields of the Caucasus and would gain control of the Volga. Germany, already operating on dwindling fuel supplies, focused its efforts on moving deeper into Soviet territory and taking the oil fields at any cost. On 4 August, the Germans launched an offensive by using the 6th Army and elements of the 4th Panzer Army. The attack was supported by intense Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The battle degenerated into house-to-house fighting as both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November, the Germans, at great cost, had pushed the Soviet defenders back into narrow zones along the west bank of the river.

On 19 November, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack targeting the Romanian armies protecting the 6th Army's flanks.[26] The Axis flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Adolf Hitler was determined to hold the city at all costs and forbade the 6th Army from attempting a breakout; instead, attempts were made to supply it by air and to break the encirclement from the outside. The Soviets were successful in denying the Germans the ability to resupply through the air which strained the German forces to their breaking point. Nevertheless, the German forces were determined to continue their advance and heavy fighting continued for another two months. On 2 February 1943, the German 6th Army, having exhausted their ammunition and food, finally capitulated after over five months of fighting, making it the first of Hitler's field armies to surrender during World War II.[27]

The Soviet victory is commemorated in Russia as the Day of Military Honour.

Background

By the spring of 1942, despite the failure of Operation Barbarossa to decisively defeat the Soviet Union in a single campaign, the Wehrmacht had captured vast expanses of territory, including Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic republics. On the Western Front, Germany held most of Europe, the U-boat offensive in the Atlantic was holding American support at bay, and in North Africa Erwin Rommel had just captured Tobruk.[28]: 522  In the east, the Germans had stabilised a front running from Leningrad south to Rostov, with a number of minor salients. Hitler was confident that he could break the Red Army despite the heavy German losses west of Moscow in winter 1941–42, because Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) had been unable to engage 65% of its infantry, which had meanwhile been rested and re-equipped. Neither Army Group North nor Army Group South had been particularly hard-pressed over the winter.[29] Stalin was expecting the main thrust of the German summer attacks to be directed against Moscow again.[25]: 498 

Hitler decided that Germany's summer campaign in 1942 would be directed at the southern parts of the Soviet Union. The initial objectives in the region around Stalingrad were to destroy the industrial capacity of the city and to block the Volga River traffic connecting the Caucasus and Caspian Sea to central Russia, as the city is strategically located near a big bend of the Volga. The Germans cut the pipeline from the oilfields when they captured Rostov on 23 July. The capture of Stalingrad would make the delivery of Lend-Lease supplies via the Persian Corridor much more difficult.[30][31][32]

On 23 July 1942, Hitler personally rewrote the operational objectives for the 1942 campaign, greatly expanding them to include the occupation of the city of Stalingrad. Both sides began to attach propaganda value to the city, which bore the name of the Soviet leader meaning that the capture of the city would have been a great ideological victory for the Reich.[33] Hitler proclaimed that after Stalingrad's capture, its male citizens were to be killed and all women and children were to be deported because its population was "thoroughly communistic" and "especially dangerous".[34] Hitler planned for the fall of the city firmly securing the northern and western flanks of the German armies as they advanced on Baku, with the aim of gaining its strategic petroleum resources for Germany.[28]: 528  The expansion of objectives was a significant factor in Germany's failure at Stalingrad, caused by German overconfidence and an underestimation of Soviet reserves.[35]

The Soviets realised their critical situation, ordering everyone who could hold a rifle into the fight.[36]: 94 

Prelude

If I do not get the oil of Maikop and Grozny then I must finish [liquidieren; "kill off", "liquidate"] this war.

— Adolf Hitler[28]: 514 

Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. The planned summer offensive, code-named Fall Blau (Case Blue), was to include the German 6th, 17th, 4th Panzer and 1st Panzer Armies. Army Group South had overrun the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1941. Poised in Eastern Ukraine, it was to spearhead the offensive.[37]

German and Romanian command personnel consult in a field position near the Don River, August 1942.

Hitler intervened, however, ordering the Army Group to split in two. Army Group South (A), under the command of Wilhelm List, was to continue advancing south towards the Caucasus as planned with the 17th Army and First Panzer Army. Army Group South (B), including Friedrich Paulus's 6th Army and Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army, was to move east towards the Volga and Stalingrad. Army Group B was commanded by General Maximilian von Weichs.[38]

The German advance to the Don River between 7 May and 23 July

The start of Case Blue had been planned for late May 1942. However, a number of German and Romanian units that were to take part in Blau were besieging Sevastopol on the Crimean Peninsula. Delays in ending the siege pushed back the start date for Blau several times, and the city did not fall until early July.

Operation Fridericus I by the Germans against the "Isium bulge", pinched off the Soviet salient in the Second Battle of Kharkov, and resulted in the envelopment of a large Soviet force between 17 May and 29 May. Similarly, Operation Wilhelm attacked Voltshansk on 13 June, and Operation Fridericus attacked Kupiansk on 22 June.[39]

Blau finally opened as Army Group South began its attack into southern Russia on 28 June 1942. The German offensive started well. Soviet forces offered little resistance in the vast empty steppes and started streaming eastward. Several attempts to re-establish a defensive line failed when German units outflanked them. Two major pockets were formed and destroyed: the first, northeast of Kharkov, on 2 July, and a second, around Millerovo, Rostov Oblast, a week later. Meanwhile, the Hungarian 2nd Army and the German 4th Panzer Army had launched an assault on Voronezh, capturing the city on 5 July.

The initial advance of the 6th Army was so successful that Hitler intervened and ordered the 4th Panzer Army to join Army Group South (A) to the south. A massive road block resulted when the 4th Panzer and the 1st Panzer choked the roads, stopping both in their tracks while they cleared the mess of thousands of vehicles. The traffic jam is thought to have delayed the advance by at least one week. With the advance now slowed, Hitler changed his mind and reassigned the 4th Panzer Army back to the attack on Stalingrad.

By the end of July, the Germans had pushed the Soviets across the Don River. At this point, the Don and Volga Rivers are only 65 km (40 mi) apart, and the Germans left their main supply depots west of the Don, which had important implications later in the course of the battle. The Germans began using the armies of their Italian, Hungarian and Romanian allies to guard their left (northern) flank. Occasionally Italian actions were mentioned in official German communiques.[40][41][42][43] Italian forces were generally held in little regard by the Germans, and were accused of low morale: in reality, the Italian divisions fought comparatively well, with the 3rd Infantry Division "Ravenna" and 5th Infantry Division "Cosseria" showing spirit, according to a German liaison officer.[44] The Italians were forced to retreat only after a massive armoured attack in which German reinforcements failed to arrive in time, according to German historian Rolf-Dieter Müller.[45]

German infantry and a supporting StuG III assault gun during the battle

On 25 July the Germans faced stiff resistance with a Soviet bridgehead west of Kalach. "We had had to pay a high cost in men and material ... left on the Kalach battlefield were numerous burnt-out or shot-up German tanks."[46]

The Germans formed bridgeheads across the Don on 20 August, with the 295th and 76th Infantry Divisions enabling the XIVth Panzer Corps "to thrust to the Volga north of Stalingrad." The German 6th Army was only a few dozen kilometres from Stalingrad. The 4th Panzer Army, ordered south on 13 July to block the Soviet retreat "weakened by the 17th Army and the 1st Panzer Army", had turned northwards to help take the city from the south.[47]

To the south, Army Group A was pushing far into the Caucasus, but their advance slowed as supply lines grew overextended. The two German army groups were too far apart to support one another.

After German intentions became clear in July 1942, Stalin appointed General Andrey Yeryomenko commander of the Southeastern Front on 1 August 1942. Yeryomenko and Commissar Nikita Khrushchev were tasked with planning the defence of Stalingrad.[48] Beyond the Volga River on the eastern boundary of Stalingrad, additional Soviet units were formed into the 62nd Army under Lieutenant General Vasiliy Chuikov on 11 September 1942. Tasked with holding the city at all costs,[49] Chuikov proclaimed, "We will defend the city or die in the attempt."[50] The battle earned him one of his two Hero of the Soviet Union awards.

Orders of battle

Red Army

Main article: Soviet order of battle for the Battle of Stalingrad

During the defence of Stalingrad, the Red Army deployed five armies in and around the city (28th, 51st, 57th, 62nd and 64th Armies); and an additional nine armies in the encirclement counteroffensive[51] (24th, 65th, 66th Armies and 16th Air Army from the north as part of the Don Front offensive, and 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank, 21st Army, 2nd Air Army and 17th Air Army from the south as part of the Southwestern Front).

Axis

Main article: Axis order of battle at the Battle of Stalingrad

Attack on Stalingrad

Initial attack

See also: Bombing of Stalingrad

The German advance to Stalingrad between 24 July and 18 November

"Stalingrad-South", 1942 map from the German General Staff

"Stalingrad-South", 1942 map from the German General Staff

David Glantz indicated[52] that four hard-fought battles – collectively known as the Kotluban Operations – north of Stalingrad, where the Soviets made their greatest stand, decided Germany's fate before the Nazis ever set foot in the city itself, and were a turning point in the war. Beginning in late August, continuing in September and into October, the Soviets committed between two and four armies in hastily coordinated and poorly controlled attacks against the Germans' northern flank. The actions resulted in more than 200,000 Soviet Army casualties but did slow the German assault.

On 23 August the 6th Army reached the outskirts of Stalingrad in pursuit of the 62nd and 64th Armies, which had fallen back into the city. Kleist later said after the war:

The capture of Stalingrad was subsidiary to the main aim. It was only of importance as a convenient place, in the bottleneck between Don and the Volga, where we could block an attack on our flank by Russian forces coming from the east. At the start, Stalingrad was no more than a name on the map to us.[53]

The Soviets had enough warning of the German advance to ship grain, cattle, and railway cars across the Volga out of harm's way, but Stalin refused to evacuate the 400,000 civilian residents of Stalingrad. This "harvest victory" left the city short of food even before the German attack began. Before the Heer reached the city itself, the Luftwaffe had cut off shipping on the Volga, vital for bringing supplies into the city. Between 25 and 31 July, 32 Soviet ships were sunk, with another nine crippled.[54]

Smoke over the city center after aerial bombing by the German Luftwaffe on the central station

German infantry in position for an attack.

The battle began with the heavy bombing of the city by Generaloberst Wolfram von Richthofen's Luftflotte 4. Some 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped in 48 hours, more than in London at the height of the Blitz.[55] At least 90% of the city's housing stock was obliterated.[56] The exact number of civilians killed is unknown but was most likely very high. Around 40,000 civilians were taken to Germany as slave workers, some fled during battle and a small number were evacuated by the Soviets, but by February 1943 only 10,000 to 60,000 civilians were still alive. Much of the city was smashed to rubble, although some factories continued production while workers joined in the fighting. The Stalingrad Tractor Factory continued to turn out T-34 tanks up until German troops burst into the plant. The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment was the only non-German unit[57] selected by the Wehrmacht to enter Stalingrad city during assault operations. It fought as part of the 100th Jäger Division.

Stalin rushed all available troops to the east bank of the Volga, some from as far away as Siberia. Regular river ferries were quickly destroyed by the Luftwaffe, which then targeted troop barges being towed slowly across by tugs.[48] It has been said that Stalin prevented civilians from leaving the city in the belief that their presence would encourage greater resistance from the city's defenders.[58] Civilians, including women and children, were put to work building trenchworks and protective fortifications. A massive German air raid on 23 August caused a firestorm, killing hundreds and turning Stalingrad into a vast landscape of rubble and burnt ruins. Ninety percent of the living space in the Voroshilovskiy area was destroyed. Between 23 and 26 August, Soviet reports indicate 955 people were killed and another 1,181 wounded as a result of the bombing.[59] Casualties were estimated to have been 40,000,[60][21] though they were likely exaggerated,[61] and after 25 August the Soviets did not record any civilian and military casualties as a result of air raids.[Note 3]

Soviets preparing to ward off a German assault in Stalingrad's suburbs

The Soviet Air Force, the Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), was swept aside by the Luftwaffe. The VVS bases in the immediate area lost 201 aircraft between 23 and 31 August, and despite meagre reinforcements of some 100 aircraft in August, it was left with just 192 serviceable aircraft, 57 of which were fighters.[62] The Soviets continued to pour aerial reinforcements into the Stalingrad area in late September, but continued to suffer appalling losses; the Luftwaffe had complete control of the skies.

The burden of the initial defence of the city fell on the 1077th Anti-Aircraft Regiment,[58] a unit made up mainly of young female volunteers who had no training for engaging ground targets. Despite this, and with no support available from other units, the AA gunners stayed at their posts and took on the advancing panzers. The German 16th Panzer Division reportedly had to fight the 1077th's gunners "shot for shot" until all 37 anti-aircraft guns were destroyed or overrun. The 16th Panzer was shocked to find that, due to Soviet manpower shortages, it had been fighting female soldiers.[63][64]

In the early stages of the battle, the NKVD organised poorly armed "Workers' militias" similar to those that had defended the city twenty-four years earlier, composed of civilians not directly involved in war production for immediate use in the battle. The civilians were often sent into battle without rifles.[65] Staff and students from the local technical university formed a "tank destroyer" unit. They assembled tanks from leftover parts at the tractor factory. These tanks, unpainted and lacking gun-sights, were driven directly from the factory floor to the front line. They could only be aimed at point-blank range through the bore of their gun barrels.[66]

German soldiers clearing the streets in Stalingrad

By the end of August, Army Group South (B) had finally reached the Volga, north of Stalingrad. Another advance to the river south of the city followed, while the Soviets abandoned their Rossoshka position for the inner defensive ring west of Stalingrad. The wings of the 6th Army and the 4th Panzer Army met near Jablotchni along the Zaritza on 2 Sept.[67] By 1 September, the Soviets could only reinforce and supply their forces in Stalingrad by perilous crossings of the Volga under constant bombardment by artillery and aircraft.

September city battles

On 5 September, the Soviet 24th and 66th Armies organized a massive attack against XIV Panzer Corps. The Luftwaffe helped repel the offensive by heavily attacking Soviet artillery positions and defensive lines. The Soviets were forced to withdraw at midday after only a few hours. Of the 120 tanks the Soviets had committed, 30 were lost to air attack.[68]

Soviet soldiers running through trenches in the ruins of Stalingrad

Soviet operations were constantly hampered by the Luftwaffe. On 18 September, the Soviet 1st Guards and 24th Army launched an offensive against VIII Army Corps at Kotluban. VIII. Fliegerkorps dispatched wave after wave of Stuka dive-bombers to prevent a breakthrough. The offensive was repelled. The Stukas claimed 41 of the 106 Soviet tanks knocked out that morning, while escorting Bf 109s destroyed 77 Soviet aircraft.[69] Amid the debris of the wrecked city, the Soviet 62nd and 64th Armies, which included the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, anchored their defence lines with strong-points in houses and factories.

Fighting within the ruined city was fierce and desperate. Lieutenant General Alexander Rodimtsev was in charge of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, and received one of two Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded during the battle for his actions. Stalin's Order No. 227 of 27 July 1942 decreed that all commanders who ordered unauthorised retreats would be subject to a military tribunal.[70] Deserters and perceived malingerers were captured or executed after fighting.[71] During the battle the 62nd Army had the most arrests and executions: 203 in all, of which 49 were executed, while 139 were sent to penal companies and battalions.[72][73][74][75] The Germans pushing forward into Stalingrad suffered heavy casualties.

By 12 September, at the time of their retreat into the city, the Soviet 62nd Army had been reduced to 90 tanks, 700 mortars and just 20,000 personnel.[76] The remaining tanks were used as immobile strong-points within the city. The initial German attack on 14 September attempted to take the city in a rush. The 51st Army Corps' 295th Infantry Division went after the Mamayev Kurgan hill, the 71st attacked the central rail station and toward the central landing stage on the Volga, while 48th Panzer Corps attacked south of the Tsaritsa River. Rodimtsev's 13th Guards Rifle Division had been hurried up to cross the river and join the defenders inside the city.[77] Assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. 1, it suffered particularly heavy losses.

October 1942: A German soldier with a Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun in Barrikady factory rubble

Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. The Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. 1, suffered particularly heavy losses. Over 30 percent of its soldiers were killed in the first 24 hours, and just 320 out of the original 10,000 survived the entire assault.[78] Both objectives were retaken, but only temporarily. Fighting was so fierce and intense during one day that the railway station changed hands 14 times in six hours.[78] By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division had ceased to exist.

Combat raged for several days at the giant grain elevator in the south of the city. About fifty Red Army defenders, cut off from resupply, held the position for five days and fought off ten different assaults before running out of ammunition and water. Only forty dead Soviet fighters were found, though the Germans had thought there were many more due to the intensity of resistance. The Soviets burned large amounts of grain during their retreat in order to deny the enemy food. Paulus chose the grain elevator and silos as the symbol of Stalingrad for a patch he was having designed to commemorate the battle after a German victory.

German soldiers of the 24th Panzer Division in action during the fighting for the southern station of Stalingrad.

Pavlov's House (1943)

In another part of the city, a Soviet platoon under the command of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov fortified a four-story building that oversaw a square 300 meters from the river bank, later called Pavlov's House. The soldiers surrounded it with minefields, set up machine-gun positions at the windows and breached the walls in the basement for better communications.[76] The soldiers found about ten Soviet civilians hiding in the basement. They were not relieved, and not significantly reinforced, for two months. The building was labelled Festung ("Fortress") on German maps. Sgt. Pavlov was awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union for his actions.

The Germans made slow but steady progress through the city. Positions were taken individually, but the Germans were never able to capture the key crossing points along the river bank. By 27 Sept. the Germans occupied the southern portion of the city, but the Soviets held the centre and northern part. Most importantly, the Soviets controlled the ferries to their supplies on the east bank of the Volga.[79]

Soviet assault troops in the battle

Strategy and tactics

German military doctrine was based on the principle of combined-arms teams and close cooperation between tanks, infantry, engineers, artillery and ground-attack aircraft. Some Soviet commanders adopted the tactic of always keeping their front-line positions as close to the Germans as physically possible; Chuikov called this "hugging" the Germans. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire.[80][81]

The Red Army gradually adopted a strategy to hold for as long as possible all the ground in the city. Thus, they converted multi-floored apartment blocks, factories, warehouses, street corner residences and office buildings into a series of well-defended strong-points with small 5–10-man units. Manpower in the city was constantly refreshed by bringing additional troops over the Volga. When a position was lost, an immediate attempt was usually made to re-take it with fresh forces.[citation needed]

Soviets defend a position.

Bitter fighting raged for ruins, streets, factories, houses, basements, and staircases.[21] Blocks and buildings would change hands numerous times through intense hand-to-hand fighting.[82][83] Even the sewers were the sites of firefights. The Germans called this unseen urban warfare Rattenkrieg ("Rat War"),[84] and bitterly joked about capturing the kitchen but still fighting for the living room and the bedroom. Buildings had to be cleared room by room through the bombed-out debris of residential areas, office blocks, basements and apartment high-rises. Some of the taller buildings, blasted into roofless shells by earlier German aerial bombardment, saw floor-by-floor, close-quarters combat, with the Germans and Soviets on alternate levels, firing at each other through holes in the floors.[citation needed] Fighting on and around Mamayev Kurgan, a prominent hill above the city, was particularly merciless; indeed, the position changed hands many times.[85][86]

German soldiers positioning themselves for urban warfare (colourised)

The Germans used aircraft, tanks and heavy artillery to clear the city with varying degrees of success. Toward the end of the battle, the gigantic railroad gun nicknamed Dora was brought into the area. The Soviets built up a large number of artillery batteries on the east bank of the Volga. This artillery was able to bombard the German positions or at least provide counter-battery fire.

Snipers on both sides used the ruins to inflict casualties. The most famous Soviet sniper in Stalingrad was Vasily Zaytsev,[87] with 225 confirmed kills during the battle. Targets were often soldiers bringing up food or water to forward positions. Artillery spotters were an especially prized target for snipers.[citation needed]

Soviet marines landing on the west bank of the Volga River

A significant historical debate concerns the degree of terror in the Red Army. The British historian Antony Beevor noted the "sinister" message from the Stalingrad Front's Political Department on 8 October 1942 that: "The defeatist mood is almost eliminated and the number of treasonous incidents is getting lower" as an example of the sort of coercion Red Army soldiers experienced under the Special Detachments (later to be renamed SMERSH).[88] On the other hand, Beevor noted the often extraordinary bravery of the Soviet soldiers in a battle that was only comparable to Verdun, and argued that terror alone cannot explain such self-sacrifice.[89]

Richard Overy addresses the question of just how important the Red Army's coercive methods were to the Soviet war effort compared with other motivational factors such as hatred for the enemy. He argues that, though it is "easy to argue that from the summer of 1942 the Soviet army fought because it was forced to fight," to concentrate solely on coercion is nonetheless to "distort our view of the Soviet war effort."[90] After conducting hundreds of interviews with Soviet veterans on the subject of terror on the Eastern Front – and specifically about Order No. 227 ("Not a step back!") at Stalingrad – Catherine Merridale notes that, seemingly paradoxically, "their response was frequently relief."[91] Infantryman Lev Lvovich's explanation, for example, is typical for these interviews; as he recalls, "[i]t was a necessary and important step. We all knew where we stood after we had heard it. And we all – it's true – felt better. Yes, we felt better."[91]

Many women fought on the Soviet side or were under fire. As General Chuikov acknowledged, "Remembering the defence of Stalingrad, I can't overlook the very important question … about the role of women in war, in the rear, but also at the front. Equally with men they bore all the burdens of combat life and together with us men, they went all the way to Berlin."[92] At the beginning of the battle there were 75,000 women and girls from the Stalingrad area who had finished military or medical training, and all of whom were to serve in the battle.[93] Women staffed a great many of the anti-aircraft batteries that fought not only the Luftwaffe but German tanks.[94] Soviet nurses not only treated wounded personnel under fire but were involved in the highly dangerous work of bringing wounded soldiers back to the hospitals under enemy fire.[95] Many of the Soviet wireless and telephone operators were women who often suffered heavy casualties when their command posts came under fire.[96] Though women were not usually trained as infantry, many Soviet women fought as machine gunners, mortar operators, and scouts.[97] Women were also snipers at Stalingrad.[98] Three air regiments at Stalingrad were entirely female.[97] At least three women won the title Hero of the Soviet Union while driving tanks at Stalingrad.[99]

Soil after the Battle of Stalingrad in the Vladimir Military Museum

For both Stalin and Hitler, Stalingrad became a matter of prestige far beyond its strategic significance.[100] The Soviet command moved units from the Red Army strategic reserve in the Moscow area to the lower Volga and transferred aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad region.

The strain on both military commanders was immense: Paulus developed an uncontrollable tic in his eye, which eventually affected the left side of his face, while Chuikov experienced an outbreak of eczema that required him to have his hands completely bandaged. Troops on both sides faced the constant strain of close-range combat.[101]

Fighting in the industrial district

The Stalingrad Tractor Factory in the northernmost part of the city in 1942

After 27 September, much of the fighting in the city shifted north to the industrial district. Having slowly advanced over 10 days against strong Soviet resistance, the 51st Army Corps was finally in front of the three giant factories of Stalingrad: the Red October Steel Factory, the Barrikady Arms Factory and Stalingrad Tractor Factory. It took a few more days for them to prepare for the most savage offensive of all, which was unleashed on 14 October.[102] Exceptionally intense shelling and bombing paved the way for the first German assault groups. The main attack (led by the 14th Panzer and 305th Infantry Divisions) attacked towards the tractor factory, while another assault led by the 24th Panzer Division hit to the south of the giant plant.[103]

Soviet soldiers in the Red October Factory

The German onslaught crushed the 37th Guards Rifle Division of Major General Viktor Zholudev and in the afternoon the forward assault group reached the tractor factory before arriving at the Volga River, splitting the 62nd Army into two.[104] In response to the German breakthrough to the Volga, the front headquarters committed three battalions from the 300th Rifle Division and the 45th Rifle Division of Colonel Vasily Sokolov, a substantial force of over 2,000 men, to the fighting at the Red October Factory.[105]

Fighting raged inside the Barrikady Factory until the end of October.[106] The Soviet-controlled area shrank down to a few strips of land along the western bank of the Volga, and in November the fighting concentrated around what Soviet newspapers referred to as "Lyudnikov's Island", a small patch of ground behind the Barrikady Factory where the remnants of Colonel Ivan Lyudnikov's 138th Rifle Division resisted all ferocious assaults thrown by the Germans and became a symbol of the stout Soviet defence of Stalingrad.[107]

Air attacks

Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers above the burning city

From 5 to 12 September, Luftflotte 4 conducted 7,507 sorties (938 per day). From 16 to 25 September, it carried out 9,746 missions (975 per day).[108] Determined to crush Soviet resistance, Luftflotte 4's Stukawaffe flew 900 individual sorties against Soviet positions at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory on 5 October. Several Soviet regiments were wiped out; the entire staff of the Soviet 339th Infantry Regiment was killed the following morning during an air raid.[109]

The Luftwaffe retained air superiority into November, and Soviet daytime aerial resistance was nonexistent. However, the combination of constant air support operations on the German side and the Soviet surrender of the daytime skies began to affect the strategic balance in the air. From 28 June to 20 September, Luftflotte 4's original strength of 1,600 aircraft, of which 1,155 were operational, fell to 950, of which only 550 were operational. The fleet's total strength decreased by 40 percent. Daily sorties decreased from 1,343 per day to 975 per day. Soviet offensives in the central and northern portions of the Eastern Front tied down Luftwaffe reserves and newly built aircraft, reducing Luftflotte 4's percentage of Eastern Front aircraft from 60 percent on 28 June to 38 percent by 20 September. The Kampfwaffe (bomber force) was the hardest hit, having only 232 out of an original force of 480 left.[108] The VVS remained qualitatively inferior, but by the time of the Soviet counter-offensive, the VVS had reached numerical superiority.

In mid-October, after receiving reinforcements from the Caucasus theatre, the Luftwaffe intensified its efforts against the remaining Red Army positions holding the west bank. Luftflotte 4 flew 1,250 sorties on 14 October and its Stukas dropped 550 tonnes of bombs, while German infantry surrounded the three factories.[110] Stukageschwader 1, 2, and 77 had largely silenced Soviet artillery on the eastern bank of the Volga before turning their attention to the shipping that was once again trying to reinforce the narrowing Soviet pockets of resistance. The 62nd Army had been cut in two and, due to intensive air attack on its supply ferries, was receiving much less material support. With the Soviets forced into a 1-kilometre (1,000-yard) strip of land on the western bank of the Volga, over 1,208 Stuka missions were flown in an effort to eliminate them.[111]

Clouds of smoke and dust rise from the ruins of the canning factory in Stalingrad South after German bombing of the city on 2 October 1942.

The Soviet bomber force, the Aviatsiya Dal'nego Deystviya (Long Range Aviation; ADD), having taken crippling losses over the past 18 months, was restricted to flying at night. The Soviets flew 11,317 night sorties over Stalingrad and the Don-bend sector between 17 July and 19 November. These raids caused little damage and were of nuisance value only.[112][113]: 265 

On 8 November, substantial units from Luftflotte 4 were withdrawn to combat the Allied landings in North Africa. The German air arm found itself spread thinly across Europe, struggling to maintain its strength in the other southern sectors of the Soviet-German front.[Note 4]

As historian Chris Bellamy notes, the Germans paid a high strategic price for the aircraft sent into Stalingrad: the Luftwaffe was forced to divert much of its air strength away from the oil-rich Caucasus, which had been Hitler's original grand-strategic objective.[114]

The Royal Romanian Air Force was also involved in the Axis air operations at Stalingrad. Starting 23 October 1942, Romanian pilots flew a total of 4,000 sorties, during which they destroyed 61 Soviet aircraft. The Romanian Air Force lost 79 aircraft, most of them captured on the ground along with their airfields.[115]

Germans reach the Volga

After three months of slow advance, the Germans finally reached the river banks, capturing 90% of the ruined city and splitting the remaining Soviet forces into two narrow pockets. Ice floes on the Volga now prevented boats and tugs from supplying the Soviet defenders. Nevertheless, the fighting continued, especially on the slopes of Mamayev Kurgan and inside the factory area in the northern part of the city.[116] From 21 August to 20 November, the German 6th Army lost 60,548 men, including 12,782 killed, 45,545 wounded and 2,221 missing.[117]

Soviet counter-offensives

Soviet soldiers attack, February 1943. The ruined Railwaymen's Building is in the background.

Recognising that German troops were ill-prepared for offensive operations during the winter of 1942 and that most of them were redeployed elsewhere on the southern sector of the Eastern Front, the Stavka decided to conduct a number of offensive operations between 19 November 1942 and 2 February 1943. These operations opened the Winter Campaign of 1942–1943 (19 November 1942 – 3 March 1943), which involved some fifteen Armies operating on several fronts. According to Zhukov, "German operational blunders were aggravated by poor intelligence: they failed to spot preparations for the major counter-offensive near Stalingrad where there were 10 field, 1 tank and 4 air armies."[118]

Weakness on the Axis flanks

A camel drawn German supply convoy heads towards friendly forces stationed near the Volga river, September 1942.

During the siege, the German and allied Italian, Hungarian, and Romanian armies protecting Army Group B's north and south flanks had pressed their headquarters for support. The Hungarian 2nd Army was given the task of defending a 200 km (120 mi) section of the front north of Stalingrad between the Italian Army and Voronezh. This resulted in a very thin line, with some sectors where 1–2 km (0.62–1.24 mi) stretches were being defended by a single platoon (platoons typically have around 20 to 50 men). These forces were also lacking in effective anti-tank weapons. Zhukov states, "Compared with the Germans, the troops of the satellites were not so well armed, less experienced and less efficient, even in defence."[119]

Because of the total focus on the city, the Axis forces had neglected for months to consolidate their positions along the natural defensive line of the Don River. The Soviet forces were allowed to retain bridgeheads on the right bank from which offensive operations could be quickly launched. These bridgeheads in retrospect presented a serious threat to Army Group B.[38]

Similarly, on the southern flank of the Stalingrad sector, the front southwest of Kotelnikovo was held only by the Romanian 4th Army. Beyond that army, a single German division, the 16th Motorised Infantry, covered 400 km. Paulus had requested permission to "withdraw the 6th Army behind the Don," but was rejected. According to Paulus's comments to his adjutant Wilhelm Adam, "There is still the order whereby no commander of an army group or an army has the right to relinquish a village, even a trench, without Hitler's consent."[120]

Operation Uranus

Main article: Operation Uranus

The Soviet counter-attack at Stalingrad

  German front, 19 November

  German front, 12 December

  German front, 24 December

  Soviet advance, 19–28 November

In autumn, the Soviet generals Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky, responsible for strategic planning in the Stalingrad area, concentrated forces in the steppes to the north and south of the city. The northern flank was defended by Hungarian and Romanian units, often in open positions on the steppes. The natural line of defence, the Don River, had never been properly established by the German side. The armies in the area were also poorly equipped in terms of anti-tank weapons. The plan was to punch through the overstretched and weakly defended German flanks and surround the German forces in the Stalingrad region.

During the preparations for the attack, Marshal Zhukov personally visited the front and noticing the poor organisation, insisted on a one-week delay in the start date of the planned attack.[121] The operation was code-named "Uranus" and launched in conjunction with Operation Mars, which was directed at Army Group Center about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) to the northwest. The plan was similar to the one Zhukov had used to achieve victory at Khalkhin Gol three years before, where he had sprung a double envelopment and destroyed the 23rd Division of the Japanese army.[122]

General Andrey Yeryomenko (right) with Nikita Khrushchev (left), Chief Commissar of the Stalingrad Front, December 1942

On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus. The attacking Soviet units under the command of Gen. Nikolay Vatutin consisted of three complete armies, the 1st Guards Army, 5th Tank Army and 21st Army, including a total of 18 infantry divisions, eight tank brigades, two motorised brigades, six cavalry divisions and one anti-tank brigade. The preparations for the attack could be heard by the Romanians, who continued to push for reinforcements, only to be refused again. Thinly spread, deployed in exposed positions, outnumbered and poorly equipped, the Romanian 3rd Army, which held the northern flank of the German 6th Army, was overrun.

Behind the front lines, no preparations had been made to defend key points in the rear such as Kalach. The response by the Wehrmacht was both chaotic and indecisive. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. Army Group B was in disarray and faced strong Soviet pressure across all its fronts. Hence it was ineffective in relieving the 6th Army.

On 20 November, a second Soviet offensive (two armies) was launched to the south of Stalingrad against points held by the Romanian 4th Army Corps. The Romanian forces, made up primarily of infantry, were overrun by large numbers of tanks. The Soviet forces raced west and met on 23 November at the town of Kalach, sealing the ring around Stalingrad.[123] The link-up of the Soviet forces, not filmed at the time, was later re-enacted for a propaganda film which was shown worldwide.[citation needed]

Sixth Army surrounded

Romanian soldiers near Stalingrad

German soldiers as prisoners of war. In the background is the heavily fought-over Stalingrad grain elevator.

Germans dead in the city

The surrounded Axis personnel comprised 265,000 Germans, Romanians, Italians,[124] and Croatians. In addition, the German 6th Army included between 40,000 and 65,000 Hilfswillige (Hiwi), or "volunteer auxiliaries",[125][126] a term used for personnel recruited amongst Soviet POWs and civilians from areas under occupation. Hiwi often proved to be reliable Axis personnel in rear areas and were used for supporting roles, but also served in some front-line units as their numbers had increased.[126]

German personnel in the pocket numbered about 210,000, according to strength breakdowns of the 20 field divisions (average size 9,000) and 100 battalion-sized units of the Sixth Army on 19 November 1942. Inside the pocket (German: Kessel, literally "cauldron"), there were also around 10,000 Soviet civilians and several thousand Soviet soldiers the Germans had taken captive during the battle. Not all of the 6th Army was trapped: 50,000 soldiers were brushed aside outside the pocket. These belonged mostly to the other two divisions of the 6th Army between the Italian and Romanian armies: the 62nd and 298th Infantry Divisions. Of the 210,000 Germans, 10,000 remained to fight on, 105,000 surrendered, 35,000 left by air and the remaining 60,000 died.

Even with the desperate situation of the 6th Army, Army Group A had to hold its position in the Caucasus further south. No troops were pulled off that region to help relieve the 6th Army. Only on December 31, after Soviet forces had broken through German positions in Operation Little Saturn and threatened to retake Rostov-on-Don and cut off Army Group A completely, was it ordered to withdraw from the Caucasus to avoid being trapped.[127]

Army Group Don was formed under Field Marshal von Manstein. Under his command were the twenty German and two Romanian divisions encircled at Stalingrad, Adam's battle groups formed along the Chir River and on the Don bridgehead, plus the remains of the Romanian 3rd Army.[128]

The Red Army units immediately formed two defensive fronts: a circumvallation facing inward and a contravallation facing outward. Field Marshal Erich von Manstein advised Hitler not to order the 6th Army to break out, stating that he could break through the Soviet lines and relieve the besieged 6th Army.[129] The American historians Williamson Murray and Alan Millet wrote that it was Manstein's message to Hitler on 24 November advising him that the 6th Army should not break out, along with Göring's statements that the Luftwaffe could supply Stalingrad that "... sealed the fate of the Sixth Army".[130][131] After 1945, Manstein claimed that he told Hitler that the 6th Army must break out.[129] The American historian Gerhard Weinberg wrote that Manstein distorted his record on the matter.[132] Manstein was tasked to conduct a relief operation, named Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) against Stalingrad, which he thought was feasible if the 6th Army was temporarily supplied through the air.[133][134]

Adolf Hitler had declared in a public speech (in the Berlin Sportpalast) on 30 September 1942 that the German army would never leave the city. At a meeting shortly after the Soviet encirclement, German army chiefs pushed for an immediate breakout to a new line on the west of the Don, but Hitler was at his Bavarian retreat of Obersalzberg in Berchtesgaden with the head of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Göring. When asked by Hitler, Göring replied, after being convinced by Hans Jeschonnek,[135] that the Luftwaffe could supply the 6th Army with an "air bridge". This would allow the Germans in the city to fight on temporarily while a relief force was assembled.[123] A similar plan had been used a year earlier at the Demyansk Pocket, albeit on a much smaller scale: a corps at Demyansk rather than an entire army.[136]

A Ju 52 approaching Stalingrad

The director of Luftflotte 4, Wolfram von Richthofen, tried to get this decision overturned. The forces under the 6th Army were almost twice as large as a regular German army unit, plus there was also a corps of the 4th Panzer Army trapped in the pocket. Due to a limited number of available aircraft and having only one available airfield, at Pitomnik, the Luftwaffe could only deliver 105 tonnes of supplies per day, only a fraction of the minimum 750 tonnes that both Paulus and Zeitzler estimated the 6th Army needed.[137][Note 5] To supplement the limited number of Junkers Ju 52 transports, the Germans pressed other aircraft into the role, such as the Heinkel He 177 bomber. Some bombers performed adequately – the Heinkel He 111 proved to be quite capable and was much faster than the Ju 52.[138]

General Richthofen informed Manstein on 27 November of the small transport capacity of the Luftwaffe and the impossibility of supplying 300 tons a day by air. Manstein now saw the enormous technical difficulties of a supply by air of these dimensions. The next day he made a six-page situation report to the general staff. Based on the information of the expert Richthofen, he declared that contrary to the example of the pocket of Demyansk the permanent supply by air would be impossible. If only a narrow link could be established to Sixth Army, he proposed that this should be used to pull it out from the encirclement, and said that the Luftwaffe should instead of supplies deliver only enough ammunition and fuel for a breakout attempt. He acknowledged the heavy moral sacrifice that giving up Stalingrad would mean, but this would be made easier to bear by conserving the combat power of the Sixth Army and regaining the initiative.[138] He ignored the limited mobility of the army and the difficulties of disengaging the Soviets. Hitler reiterated that the Sixth Army would stay at Stalingrad and that the air bridge would supply it until the encirclement was broken by a new German offensive.

Supplying the 270,000 men trapped in the "cauldron" required 700 tons of supplies a day. That would mean 350 Ju 52 flights a day into Pitomnik. At a minimum, 500 tons were required. However, according to Adam, "On not one single day have the minimal essential number of tons of supplies been flown in."[139] The Luftwaffe was able to deliver an average of 85 tonnes of supplies per day out of an air transport capacity of 106 tonnes per day. The most successful day, 19 December, the Luftwaffe delivered 262 tonnes of supplies in 154 flights. The outcome of the airlift was the Luftwaffe's failure to provide its transport units with the tools they needed to maintain an adequate count of operational aircraft – tools that included airfield facilities, supplies, manpower, and even aircraft suited to the prevailing conditions. These factors, taken together, prevented the Luftwaffe from effectively employing the full potential of its transport forces, ensuring that they were unable to deliver the quantity of supplies needed to sustain the 6th Army.[140]

In the early parts of the operation, fuel was shipped at a higher priority than food and ammunition because of a belief that there would be a breakout from the city.[141] Transport aircraft also evacuated technical specialists and sick or wounded personnel from the besieged enclave. Sources differ on the number flown out: at least 25,000 to at most 35,000.

The centre of Stalingrad after liberation, February 1943

Initially, supply flights came in from the field at Tatsinskaya,[142] called 'Tazi' by the German pilots. On 23 December, the Soviet 24th Tank Corps, commanded by Major-General Vasily Mikhaylovich Badanov, reached nearby Skassirskaya and in the early morning of 24 December, the tanks reached Tatsinskaya. Without any soldiers to defend the airfield, it was abandoned under heavy fire; in a little under an hour, 108 Ju 52s and 16 Ju 86s took off for Novocherkassk – leaving 72 Ju 52s and many other aircraft burning on the ground.

A new base was established some 300 km (190 mi) from Stalingrad at Salsk. The additional distance became another obstacle to the resupply efforts. Salsk was abandoned in turn by mid-January for a rough facility at Zverevo, near Shakhty. The field at Zverevo was attacked repeatedly on 18 January and a further 50 Ju 52s were destroyed. Winter weather conditions, technical failures, heavy Soviet anti-aircraft fire and fighter interceptions eventually led to the loss of 488 German aircraft.

In spite of the failure of the German offensive to reach the 6th Army, the air supply operation continued under ever more difficult circumstances. The 6th Army slowly starved. General Zeitzler, moved by their plight, began to limit himself to their slim rations at meal times. After a few weeks on such a diet, he had "visibly lost weight", according to Albert Speer, and Hitler "commanded Zeitzler to resume at once taking sufficient nourishment".[143]

The toll on the Transportgruppen was heavy. 160 aircraft were destroyed and 328 were heavily damaged (beyond repair). Some 266 Junkers Ju 52s were destroyed; one-third of the fleet's strength on the Eastern Front. The He 111 gruppen lost 165 aircraft in transport operations. Other losses included 42 Ju 86s, 9 Fw 200 Condors, 5 He 177 bombers and 1 Ju 290. The Luftwaffe also lost close to 1,000 highly experienced bomber crew personnel.[144] So heavy were the Luftwaffe's losses that four of Luftflotte 4's transport units (KGrzbV 700, KGrzbV 900, I./KGrzbV 1 and II./KGzbV 1) were "formally dissolved".[55]

End of the battle

Operation Winter Storm

Main article: Operation Winter Storm

Manstein's plan to rescue the Sixth Army – Operation Winter Storm – was developed in full consultation with Führer headquarters. It aimed to break through to the Sixth Army and establish a corridor to keep it supplied and reinforced, so that, according to Hitler's order, it could maintain its "cornerstone" position on the Volga, "with regard to operations in 1943". Manstein, however, who knew that Sixth Army could not survive the winter there, instructed his headquarters to draw up a further plan in the event of Hitler's seeing sense.

This would include the subsequent breakout of Sixth Army, in the event of a successful first phase, and its physical reincorporation in Army Group Don. This second plan was given the name Operation Thunderclap. Winter Storm, as Zhukov had predicted, was originally planned as a two-pronged attack. One thrust would come from the area of Kotelnikovo, well to the south, and around 160 kilometres (100 mi) from the Sixth Army. The other would start from the Chir front west of the Don, which was little more than 60 kilometres (40 mi) from the edge of the Kessel, but the continuing attacks of Romanenko's 5th Tank Army against the German detachments along the river Chir ruled out that start-line.

This left only the LVII Panzer Corps around Kotelnikovo, supported by the rest of Hoth's very mixed Fourth Panzer Army, to relieve Paulus's trapped divisions. The LVII Panzer Corps, commanded by General Friedrich Kirchner, had been weak at first. It consisted of two Romanian cavalry divisions and the 23rd Panzer Division, which mustered no more than thirty serviceable tanks. The 6th Panzer Division, arriving from France, was a vastly more powerful formation, but its members hardly received an encouraging impression. The Austrian divisional commander, General Erhard Raus, was summoned to Manstein's royal carriage in Kharkov station on 24 November, where the field marshal briefed him. "He described the situation in very sombre terms", recorded Raus.

Three days later, when the first trainload of Raus's division steamed into Kotelnikovo station to unload, his troops were greeted by "a hail of shells" from Soviet batteries. "As quick as lightning, the Panzergrenadiers jumped from their wagons. But already the enemy was attacking the station with their battle-cries of 'Urrah!'"

By 18 December, the German Army had pushed to within 48 km (30 mi) of Sixth Army's positions. However, the predictable nature of the relief operation brought significant risk for all German forces in the area. The starving encircled forces at Stalingrad made no attempt to break out or link up with Manstein's advance. Some German officers requested that Paulus defy Hitler's orders to stand fast and instead attempt to break out of the Stalingrad pocket. Paulus refused, concerned about the Red Army attacks on the flank of Army Group Don and Army Group B in their advance on Rostov-on-Don, "an early abandonment" of Stalingrad "would result in the destruction of Army Group A in the Caucasus", and the fact that his 6th Army tanks only had fuel for a 30 km advance towards Hoth's spearhead, a futile effort if they did not receive assurance of resupply by air. Of his questions to Army Group Don, Paulus was told, "Wait, implement Operation 'Thunderclap' only on explicit orders!" – Operation Thunderclap being the code word initiating the breakout.[145]

Operation Little Saturn

Main article: Operation Little Saturn

Soviet gains during Operation Little Saturn

On 16 December, the Soviets launched Operation Little Saturn, which attempted to punch through the Axis army (mainly Italians) on the Don. The Germans set up a "mobile defence" of small units that were to hold towns until supporting armour arrived. From the Soviet bridgehead at Mamon, 15 divisions – supported by at least 100 tanks – attacked the Italian Cosseria and Ravenna Divisions, and although outnumbered 9 to 1, the Italians initially fought well, with the Germans praising the quality of the Italian defenders,[146] but on 19 December, with the Italian lines disintegrating, ARMIR headquarters ordered the battered divisions to withdraw to new lines.[147]

The fighting forced a total revaluation of the German situation. Sensing that this was the last chance for a breakout, Manstein pleaded with Hitler on 18 December, but Hitler refused. Paulus himself also doubted the feasibility of such a breakout. The attempt to break through to Stalingrad was abandoned and Army Group A was ordered to pull back from the Caucasus. The 6th Army now was beyond all hope of German relief. While a motorised breakout might have been possible in the first few weeks, the 6th Army now had insufficient fuel and the German soldiers would have faced great difficulty breaking through the Soviet lines on foot in harsh winter conditions. But in its defensive position on the Volga, the 6th Army continued to tie down a significant number of Soviet Armies.[148]

On 23 December, the attempt to relieve Stalingrad was abandoned and Manstein's forces switched over to the defensive to deal with new Soviet offensives.[149] As Zhukov states, "The military and political leadership of Nazi Germany sought not to relieve them, but to get them to fight on for as long possible so as to tie up the Soviet forces. The aim was to win as much time as possible to withdraw forces from the Caucasus (Army Group A) and to rush troops from other Fronts to form a new front that would be able in some measure to check our counter-offensive."[150]

Soviet victory

Main article: Operation Koltso

Commander-in-chief of the Don Front The Stalingrad Master General Konstantin Rokossovsky

759,560 Soviet personnel were awarded this medal for the defence of Stalingrad from 22 December 1942.

The Red Army High Command sent three envoys while simultaneously aircraft and loudspeakers announced terms of capitulation on 7 January 1943. The letter was signed by Colonel-General of Artillery Voronov and the commander-in-chief of the Don Front, Lieutenant-General Rokossovsky. A low-level Soviet envoy party (comprising Major Aleksandr Smyslov, Captain Nikolay Dyatlenko and a trumpeter) carried generous surrender terms to Paulus: if he surrendered within 24 hours, he would receive a guarantee of safety for all prisoners, medical care for the sick and wounded, prisoners being allowed to keep their personal belongings, "normal" food rations, and repatriation to any country they wished after the war. Rokossovsky's letter also stressed that Paulus' men were in an untenable situation. Paulus requested permission to surrender, but Hitler rejected Paulus' request out of hand. Accordingly, Paulus did not respond.[151][152] The German High Command informed Paulus, "Every day that the army holds out longer helps the whole front and draws away the Russian divisions from it."[153]

The Germans inside the pocket retreated from the suburbs of Stalingrad to the city itself. The loss of the two airfields, at Pitomnik on 16 January 1943 and Gumrak on the night of 21/22 January,[154] meant an end to air supplies and to the evacuation of the wounded.[36]: 98  The third and last serviceable runway was at the Stalingradskaya flight school, which reportedly had the last landings and takeoffs on 23 January.[57] After 23 January, there were no more reported landings, just intermittent air drops of ammunition and food until the end.[155]

The Germans were now not only starving but running out of ammunition. Nevertheless, they continued to resist, in part because they believed the Soviets would execute any who surrendered. In particular, the so-called HiWis, Soviet citizens fighting for the Germans, had no illusions about their fate if captured. The Soviets were initially surprised by the number of Germans they had trapped and had to reinforce their encircling troops. Bloody urban warfare began again in Stalingrad, but this time it was the Germans who were pushed back to the banks of the Volga. The Germans adopted a simple defence of fixing wire nets over all windows to protect themselves from grenades. The Soviets responded by fixing fish hooks to the grenades so they stuck to the nets when thrown. The Germans had no usable tanks in the city, and those that still functioned could, at best, be used as makeshift pillboxes. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility.[citation needed]

Friedrich Paulus (left), with his chief of staff, Arthur Schmidt (centre) and his aide, Wilhelm Adam (right), after their surrender, January 1943

On 22 January, Rokossovsky once again offered Paulus a chance to surrender. Paulus requested that he be granted permission to accept the terms. He told Hitler that he was no longer able to command his men, who were without ammunition or food.[156] Hitler rejected it on a point of honour. He telegraphed the 6th Army later that day, claiming that it had made a historic contribution to the greatest struggle in German history and that it should stand fast "to the last soldier and the last bullet". Hitler told Goebbels that the plight of the 6th Army was a "heroic drama of German history".[157] On 24 January, in his radio report to Hitler, Paulus reported: "18,000 wounded without the slightest aid of bandages and medicines."[158]

On 26 January 1943, the German forces inside Stalingrad were split into two pockets north and south of Mamayev-Kurgan. The northern pocket consisting of the VIIIth Corps, under General Walter Heitz, and the XIth Corps, was now cut off from telephone communication with Paulus in the southern pocket. Now "each part of the cauldron came personally under Hitler".[159] On 28 January, the cauldron was split into three parts. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". The sick and wounded reached 40,000 to 50,000.[160]

On 30 January 1943, the 10th anniversary of Hitler's coming to power, Goebbels read out a proclamation that included the sentence: "The heroic struggle of our soldiers on the Volga should be a warning for everybody to do the utmost for the struggle for Germany's freedom and the future of our people, and thus in a wider sense for the maintenance of our entire continent."[161] Paulus notified Hitler that his men would likely collapse before the day was out. In response, Hitler issued a tranche of field promotions to the Sixth Army's officers. Most notably, he promoted Paulus to the rank of Generalfeldmarschall. In deciding to promote Paulus, Hitler noted that there was no record of a German or Prussian field marshal having ever surrendered. The implication was clear: if Paulus surrendered, he would shame himself and would become the highest-ranking German officer ever to be captured. Hitler believed that Paulus would either fight to the last man or commit suicide.[162]

On the next day, the southern pocket in Stalingrad collapsed. Soviet forces reached the entrance to the German headquarters in the ruined GUM department store.[163] When interrogated by the Soviets, Paulus claimed that he had not surrendered. He said that he had been taken by surprise. He denied that he was the commander of the remaining northern pocket in Stalingrad and refused to issue an order in his name for them to surrender.[164][165]

There was no one with a camera present to film the capture of Paulus. One person, though, Roman Karmen, managed to record the first interrogation of Paulus that took place the same day, at Shumilov's 64th Army's HQ, and a few hours later at Rokossovsky's Don Front HQ.[166]

The central pocket, under the command of Heitz, surrendered the same day, while the northern pocket, under the command of General Karl Strecker, held out for two more days.[167] Four Soviet armies were deployed against the northern pocket. At four in the morning on 2 February, Strecker was informed that one of his own officers had gone to the Soviets to negotiate surrender terms. Seeing no point in continuing, he sent a radio message saying that his command had done its duty and fought to the last man. When Strecker finally surrendered, he and his chief of staff, Helmuth Groscurth, drafted the final signal sent from Stalingrad, purposely omitting the customary exclamation to Hitler, replacing it with "Long live Germany!"[168]

Around 91,000 exhausted, ill, wounded, and starving prisoners were taken. The prisoners included 22 generals. Hitler was furious and confided that Paulus "could have freed himself from all sorrow and ascended into eternity and national immortality, but he prefers to go to Moscow".[169]

Casualties

The Axis suffered 747,300–868,374 combat casualties (killed, wounded or captured) among all branches of the German armed forces and their allies:

282,606 in the 6th Army from 21 August to the end of the battle; 17,293 in the 4th Panzer Army from 21 August to 31 January; 55,260 in the Army Group Don from 1 December 1942 to the end of the battle (12,727 killed, 37,627 wounded and 4,906 missing)[117][170] Walsh estimates the losses to 6th Army and 4th Panzer division were over 300,000; including other German army groups between late June 1942 and February 1943, total German casualties were over 600,000.[171] Louis A. DiMarco estimated the German suffered 400,000 total casualties (killed, wounded or captured) during this battle.[11]

According to Frieser, et al.: 109,000 Romanians casualties (from November 1942 to December 1942), included 70,000 captured or missing. 114,000 Italians and 105,000 Hungarians were killed, wounded or captured (from December 1942 to February 1943).[12]

According to Stephen Walsh: Romanian casualties were 158,854; 114,520 Italians (84,830 killed, missing and 29,690 wounded); and 143,000 Hungarian (80,000 killed, missing and 63,000 wounded).[172] Losses among Soviet POW turncoats Hiwis, or Hilfswillige range between 19,300 and 52,000.[13]

235,000 German and allied troops in total, from all units, including Manstein's ill-fated relief force, were captured during the battle.[173]

It is estimated that as many as over 1 million soldiers and civilians combined were killed during the battle.[174][175]

The Germans lost 900 aircraft (including 274 transports and 165 bombers used as transports), 500 tanks and 6,000 artillery pieces.[176] According to a contemporary Soviet report, 5,762 guns, 1,312 mortars, 12,701 heavy machine guns, 156,987 rifles, 80,438 sub-machine guns, 10,722 trucks, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks, 261 other armoured vehicles, 571 half-tracks and 10,679 motorcycles were captured by the Soviets.[177] In addition, an unknown amount of Hungarian, Italian, and Romanian materiel was lost.

The situation of the Romanian tanks is known, however. Before Operation Uranus, the 1st Romanian Armoured Division consisted of 121 R-2 light tanks and 19 German-produced tanks (Panzer III and IV). All of the 19 German tanks were lost, as well as 81 of the R-2 light tanks. Only 27 of the latter were lost in combat, however, the remaining 54 being abandoned after breaking down or running out of fuel. Ultimately, however, Romanian armoured warfare proved to be a tactical success, as the Romanians destroyed 127 Soviet tanks for the cost of their 100 lost units. Romanian forces destroyed 62 Soviet tanks on 20 November for the cost of 25 tanks of their own, followed by 65 more Soviet tanks on 22 November, for the cost of 10 tanks of their own.[178]

More Soviet tanks were destroyed as they overran the Romanian airfields. This was accomplished by Romanian Vickers/Reșița 75 mm anti-aircraft guns, which proved effective against Soviet armour. The battle for the German-Romanian airfield at Karpova lasted two days, with Romanian gunners destroying numerous Soviet tanks. Later, when the Tatsinskaya Airfield was also captured, the Romanian 75 mm guns destroyed five more Soviet tanks.[179]

The USSR, according to archival figures, suffered 1,129,619 total casualties; 478,741 personnel killed or missing, and 650,878 wounded or sick. The USSR lost 4,341 tanks destroyed or damaged, 15,728 artillery pieces and 2,769 combat aircraft.[14][180] 955 Soviet civilians died in Stalingrad and its suburbs from aerial bombing by Luftflotte 4 as the German 4th Panzer and 6th Armies approached the city.[59]

Luftwaffe losses

Luftwaffe losses for Stalingrad (24 November 1942 to 31 January 1943)

Losses Aircraft type

269 Junkers Ju 52

169 Heinkel He 111

42 Junkers Ju 86

9 Focke-Wulf Fw 200

5 Heinkel He 177

1 Junkers Ju 290

Total: 495 About 20 squadrons

or more than an

air corps

The losses of transport planes were especially serious, as they destroyed the capacity for supply of the trapped 6th Army. The destruction of 72 aircraft when the airfield at Tatsinskaya Airfield was overrun meant the loss of about 10 percent of the Luftwaffe transport fleet.[181]

These losses amounted to about 50 percent of the aircraft committed and the Luftwaffe training program was stopped and sorties in other theatres of war were significantly reduced to save fuel for use at Stalingrad.

Aftermath

The aftermath of the Battle of Stalingrad

A Soviet soldier marches a German soldier into captivity.

Generalfeldmarschall Paulus meets with Generaloberst Walter Heitz, then the two highest ranking German officers captured by the Allies, 4 February 1943

The German public was not officially told of the impending disaster until the end of January 1943, though positive media reports had stopped in the weeks before the announcement.[182] Stalingrad marked the first time that the Nazi government publicly acknowledged a failure in its war effort. On 31 January, regular programmes on German state radio were replaced by a broadcast of the sombre Adagio movement from Anton Bruckner's Seventh Symphony, followed by the announcement of the defeat at Stalingrad.[182] On 18 February, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels gave the famous Sportpalast speech in Berlin, encouraging the Germans to accept a total war that would claim all resources and efforts from the entire population.

Based on Soviet records, over 11,000 German soldiers continued to resist in isolated groups within the city for the next month.[citation needed] Some have presumed that they were motivated by a belief that fighting on was better than a slow death in Soviet captivity. Brown University historian Omer Bartov claims they were motivated by belief in Hitler and National Socialism. He studied 11,237 letters sent by soldiers inside of Stalingrad between 20 December 1942 and 16 January 1943 to their families in Germany. Almost every letter expressed belief in Germany's ultimate victory and their willingness to fight and die at Stalingrad to achieve that victory.[183] Bartov reported that a great many of the soldiers were well aware that they would not be able to escape from Stalingrad, but in their letters to their families stated that they were proud to "sacrifice themselves for the Führer".[184]

The bombing campaign and five months of fighting in the city had utterly destroyed 99% of the city, with the city being nothing more than a heap of rubble.[185]

The remaining forces continued to resist, hiding in cellars and sewers, but by early March 1943 the last small and isolated pockets of resistance had surrendered. According to Soviet intelligence documents shown in the documentary, a remarkable NKVD report from March 1943 is available showing the tenacity of some of these German groups:

The mopping-up of counter-revolutionary elements in the city of Stalingrad proceeded. The German soldiers – who had hidden themselves in huts and trenches – offered armed resistance after combat actions had already ended. This armed resistance continued until 15 February and in a few areas until 20 February. Most of the armed groups were liquidated by March ... During this period of armed conflict with the Germans, the brigade's units killed 2,418 soldiers and officers and captured 8,646 soldiers and officers, escorting them to POW camps and handing them over.

The operative report of the Don Front's staff issued on 5 February 1943, 22:00 said,

The 64th Army was putting itself in order, being in previously occupied regions. Location of army's units is as it was previously. In the region of location of the 38th Motorised Rifle Brigade in a basement eighteen armed SS-men [sic] were found, who refused to surrender, the Germans found were destroyed.[186]

The condition of the troops that surrendered was pitiful. British war correspondent Alexander Werth described the following scene in his Russia at War book, based on a first-hand account of his visit to Stalingrad on 3–5 February 1943,

We [...] went into the yard of the large burnt out building of the Red Army House; and here one realised particularly clearly what the last days of Stalingrad had been to so many of the Germans. In the porch lay the skeleton of a horse, with only a few scraps of meat still clinging to its ribs. Then we came into the yard. Here lay more more [sic?] horses' skeletons, and to the right, there was an enormous horrible cesspool – fortunately, frozen solid. And then, suddenly, at the far end of the yard I caught sight of a human figure. He had been crouching over another cesspool, and now, noticing us, he was hastily pulling up his pants, and then he slunk away into the door of the basement. But as he passed, I caught a glimpse of the wretch's face – with its mixture of suffering and idiot-like incomprehension. For a moment, I wished that the whole of Germany were there to see it. The man was probably already dying. In that basement [...] there were still two hundred Germans—dying of hunger and frostbite. "We haven't had time to deal with them yet," one of the Russians said. "They'll be taken away tomorrow, I suppose." And, at the far end of the yard, besides the other cesspool, behind a low stone wall, the yellow corpses of skinny Germans were piled up – men who had died in that basement—about a dozen wax-like dummies. We did not go into the basement itself – what was the use? There was nothing we could do for them.[187]

Out of the nearly 91,000 German prisoners captured in Stalingrad, only about 5,000 returned.[188] Weakened by disease, starvation and lack of medical care during the encirclement, they were sent on forced marches to prisoner camps and later to labour camps all over the Soviet Union. Some 35,000 were eventually sent on transports, of which 17,000 did not survive. Most died of wounds, disease (particularly typhus), cold, overwork, mistreatment and malnutrition. Some were kept in the city to help rebuild it.

A handful of senior officers were taken to Moscow and used for propaganda purposes, and some of them joined the National Committee for a Free Germany. Some, including Paulus, signed anti-Hitler statements that were broadcast to German troops. Paulus testified for the prosecution during the Nuremberg Trials and assured families in Germany that those soldiers taken prisoner at Stalingrad were safe.[189] He remained in the Soviet Union until 1952, then moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he spent the remainder of his days defending his actions at Stalingrad and was quoted as saying that Communism was the best hope for postwar Europe.[190] General Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach offered to raise an anti-Hitler army from the Stalingrad survivors, but the Soviets did not accept the offer. It was not until 1955 that the last of the 5,000–6,000 survivors were repatriated (to West Germany) after a plea to the Politburo by Konrad Adenauer.

Significance

Army University Press in association with the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate presents the Stalingrad campaign overview

Stalingrad has been described as the greatest defeat in the history of the German Army.[191] It is often identified as the turning point on the Eastern Front, in the war against Germany overall, and in the entire Second World War.[192][193][194] The Red Army had the initiative, and the Wehrmacht was in retreat. A year of German gains during Case Blue had been wiped out. Germany's Sixth Army had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered.[195] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom.[196]

The destruction of an entire army (the largest killed, captured, wounded figures for Axis soldiers, nearly 1 million, during the war) and the frustration of Germany's grand strategy made the battle a watershed moment.[197] At the time, the global significance of the battle was not in doubt. Writing in his diary on 1 January 1943, British General Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, reflected on the change in the position from a year before:

I felt Russia could never hold, Caucasus was bound to be penetrated, and Abadan (our Achilles heel) would be captured with the consequent collapse of Middle East, India, etc. After Russia's defeat how were we to handle the German land and air forces liberated? England would be again bombarded, threat of invasion revived... And now! We start 1943 under conditions I would never have dared to hope. Russia has held, Egypt for the present is safe. There is a hope of clearing North Africa of Germans in the near future... Russia is scoring wonderful successes in Southern Russia.[197]

At this point, the British had won the Battle of El Alamein in November 1942. However, there were only about 50,000 German soldiers at El Alamein in Egypt, while at Stalingrad 300,000 to 400,000 Germans had been lost.[197]

Regardless of the strategic implications, there is little doubt about Stalingrad's symbolism. Germany's defeat shattered its reputation for invincibility and dealt a devastating blow to German morale. On 30 January 1943, the tenth anniversary of his coming to power, Hitler chose not to speak. Joseph Goebbels read the text of his speech for him on the radio. The speech contained an oblique reference to the battle, which suggested that Germany was now in a defensive war. The public mood was sullen, depressed, fearful, and war-weary.[198]

The reverse was the case on the Soviet side. There was an overwhelming surge in confidence and belief in victory. A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." Stalin was feted as the hero of the hour and made a Marshal of the Soviet Union.[199]

The news of the battle echoed round the world, with many people now believing that Hitler's defeat was inevitable.[195] The Turkish Consul in Moscow predicted that "the lands which the Germans have destined for their living space will become their dying space".[200] Britain's conservative The Daily Telegraph proclaimed that the victory had saved European civilisation.[200] The country celebrated "Red Army Day" on 23 February 1943. A ceremonial Sword of Stalingrad was forged by King George VI. After being put on public display in Britain, this was presented to Stalin by Winston Churchill at the Tehran Conference later in 1943.[199] Soviet propaganda spared no effort and wasted no time in capitalising on the triumph, impressing a global audience. The prestige of Stalin, the Soviet Union, and the worldwide Communist movement was immense, and their political position greatly enhanced.[201]

Commemoration

The Eternal Flame in Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd, Russia (collage)

In recognition of the determination of its defenders, Stalingrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1945. A colossal monument called The Motherland Calls was erected in 1967 on Mamayev Kurgan, the hill overlooking the city where bones and rusty metal splinters can still be found.[202] The statue forms part of a war memorial complex which includes the ruins of the Grain Silo and Pavlov's House. On 2 February 2013 Volgograd hosted a military parade and other events to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the final victory.[203][204] Since then, military parades have always commemorated the victory in the city.

Every year still, hundreds of bodies of soldiers who died in the battle are recovered in the area around Stalingrad and reburied in the cemeteries at Mamayev Kurgan or Rossoshka.[205]

In popular culture

Main article: Battle of Stalingrad in popular culture

The events of the Battle for Stalingrad have been covered in numerous media works of British, American, German, and Russian origin,[206] for its significance as a turning point in the Second World War and for the loss of life associated with the battle. The term Stalingrad has become almost synonymous with large-scale urban battles with high casualties on both sides.[207][208][209]에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권

말데크와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 말데크에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

니비루와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 니비루에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

플레이아데스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 플레이아데스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

베가와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 베가에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

아틀란티스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 아틀란티스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

안드로메다은하계와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 안드로메다은하계에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

은하연합과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 은하연합에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

대영제국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 대영제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

영국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 영국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

소련 소비에트연방과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 소련 소비에트연방에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

지구세계 지구영역 지구차원과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 지구세계 지구차원 지구영역에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

제2차은하대전계와 제2차은하대전위원회, 제2차은하대전종족들과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 제2차은하대전계와 제2차은하대전위원회, 제2차은하대전종족에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

제2차은하대전계 가오리종족연합원로원에 전달하여, 라마제국 칼리에게 제공지원된 모든 무기들과 병기들 전법병법들과 술수 과학수단도구들 일체를 일괄소급하여 회수하고 빼앗고 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

지구인아틀란티스, 하아틀란티스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 지구인아틀란티스,하아틀란티스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 지구인아틀란티스, 하아틀란티스에 제공지원된 그 모든 모든 상위상급상천계의 혹은 제2차은하대전계의 첨단무기들과 병기들 전법병법들과 술수 과학수단도구들 일체를 일괄소급하여 회수하고 빼앗고 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

뮤제국뮤라스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급정리하여 처리하며, 뮤제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 뮤라스 뮤제국에 제공지원된 그 모든 모든 무기들과 병기들 전법병법들과 술수 과학수단도구들 일체를 일괄소급하여 회수하고 빼앗고 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

아플레이아데스와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 아플레이아데스에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

라이라lyra와의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 라이라에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

이건희가 박종권이의 우측안 바로 옆에 붙어서서 박종권이 행세를 하고, 지구인신들이나 기타의 사람들이 박종권이를 위해서 같이 섹스해주겠다거나 무언가를 해주겠다면서 오면, 이건희가 박종권이로 위장하여 나타나서 무조건 거부하고 박종권이는 원본래로서 그런 것을 싫어한다고 거짓으로 말하여 돌려보낸후, 다시 박종권이로 위장한 이재용이와 섹스하면 박종권이가 있는 곳으로 오게 해주거나 혹은 박종권이가 가진 좋은 것들을 나눠주겠다고 말하고 실제 그렇게 하는 술수로서 지구상 최고의 극상보지맛이란 보지맛은 다 보고 돌아다니며, 아플레이아데스수장17놈이 돌아가면서 극상보지맛을 보고, 훈족지도자, 선비족지도자놈들고 가세하여 돌아가면서 극상보지맛과 부귀호사 부귀공명질을 누리고 있는바, 박종권이도 원본래로서는 섹스쾌락열락질을 좋아하며, 부귀호사 부귀공명 부귀영광질도 좋아한다고 재공지공개토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 아울러서 이건희, 이재용이가 지위서열등급이 형편없이 낮은 비천한 놈들임에도 이상하게 박종권이를 직권대행 직권대리해서 박종권이라는 놈은 원본래로서 이러 이러한 놈이라서 이렇다라고 시건방지게 말하는 것을 금지제재토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 이건희,이재용이 놈에 대해서는 무조건 지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영속적영구적으로 그 누구도 영원토록 도달할수없는 영역과 차원으로 자동적으로 무한되풀이하여 이동시켜 영구폐쇄봉인토록 지시명령처리기록되다.에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권

일본제국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 일본제국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

고려,조선,한국,대한민국,남한과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 고려,조선,한국,대한민국,남한에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

중국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 중국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

미국과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 미국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

중국공산당과의 일체의 관계를 없었던 것으로서 일괄소급하여 처리하며, 미국에 걸린 모든 발들을 빼고 일괄소급하여 철수토록 지시명령처리기록되다.내가 지구인최초이자마지막으로서 현대플레이아데스인이 된 자 박종권이며, 박종권이를 인증한 곳은, 상상천최고위플레이아데스이다로서 지시명령처리기록되다

우리의 주장 증언이 우습게 들릴지 모르지만, 이걸 생각해보라. 만일 플레이아데스인(정식,아플레이아데스인이 아니다)이라면, 이 한 사람의 플레이아데스인이 가지는 권능이란, 적어도 28개이상의 지구행성을 먹여살리고 번영하게 할 힘이 있으며, 적어도 3개이상의 태양계를 먹여살리고 번영시킬 힘과 권능이 있다는 점이다. 게다가 우리는 현대플레이아데스인이며, 이 점은 아플레이아데스인이나 미마스와는 다른데, 등급상 최소 내등급상 600등급이상 차이가 난다는 점을 생각해볼 필요가 있다. 아플레이아데스는 현대플레이아데스에 비해서는 적게는 플레이아데스시간상 2조년이상의 먼 과거이며, 크게는 약 18조년이전의 아주 아주 먼 고대원시세계를 상징한다. 그게 차이점이다.우리의 주장이 허황되게 들린다면, 만일 우리가 정식플레이아데스인이라면 어떨까를 생각해본다면 일부 긍정할수 있다는 점이다. 물론 지금은 지구인이며 정식플레이아데스인은 지위등급서열상이며, 의식계내에서의 마음계에서의 일이다. 하지만, 그 의식계, 마음이 바로 플레이아데스에서는 현실이라는 점을 생각해볼 필요가 있다. 박종권계로서의 우리는 예상되는 해코지 탄압에 대비해서, 만일 그러하다면 유로파로 이동하여 피신토록 지시명령처리기록되다.에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권

이재용李在鎔1968년6월23일~에대해서우측목우측등우측턱을10000번이상부러뜨리고무조건일체一切의인연因緣관계를끊고무조건파문破門excommunication시키며무조건참수형에처하며무조건죽여없애도록지시명령처리기록되다상기에적시된자들에대해서에대해서무조건우측목을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고우측등을600(육백)번이상부러뜨리고원본래원본심으로복귀시키고영원한 현재로부터 영원한 과거로 영원한 과거로부터 영원한 미래로 영원한 미래로부터 영겁의 세월에 걸쳐서 영속적으로 영구적으로 영원토록 무조건4족을멸하고참수형에처하고 처음부터 끝까지지속적항구적항속적종신적영원적영겁적영구적영속적으로살해사형제거소멸시키고 추적체포감금구속처벌토록 지시명령처리기록되다. 무조건Maldek를 내파시켜라로서지시명령처리기록되다 상기에적시된자들과이재용李在鎔이에 대해서 무조건 항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로8192(팔천백구십이)분면적으로etherphysiquebody의종류별부류별종족별로무관계하게무조건적으로참수형에처하고살해사형제거소멸추방Disable시키도록지시명령처리기록되다 이에아령이지속적항구적恒續的終身的永遠的永劫的永續的永久的一括溯及하여持續的으로영원한과거로부터영원한현재로영원한현재로부터영원한미래로영원한미래로부터영원한현재현금當今過去過今只今여기이순간至今여기에이르기까지영원에걸쳐서永劫에걸쳐서永続的으로永久的으로실시실행실천토록지시명령처리기록되다 Andromeda galaxyalliancethe Senate안드로메다 성운연합 聯合원로원a written instruction 정플레이아데스성단연합원로원지시명령서제1조 베가연합원로원지시명령서제1조 라이라연합원로원지시명령서제1조 안드로메다 은하연합원로원지시명령서제1조 무르데크연합원로원지시명령서제1조 정플레이아데스인34등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리LyraPleiades인39등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+22등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리지구인최고등급+12등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리−5등급이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+17등급Atlantìs인이유와원인으로서의박종권과현재지금이순간지금여기까지와있는나의정식서명처리+20등급PleiadesAtlantìs베칸베가(Vega, α Lyrae)연합(聯合)원로원 제출보고서이건희가가진좋은것을빼앗는술수자행대속자행속죄Pleiadesproject이재용李在鎔이가빼앗아간나의가장좋은것이건희Marduk이씨를뿌린65000명A급여성여자Maldek내파이유원인나의좋은것을빼앗는기술술수플레이아데스인으로서살수있는자격을 원본래적으로서정식인증과정을통과하여획득한자로서의플레이아데스artma의식체Vegaartma박종권